Analysis of regulatory elements involved in the induction of two tobacco genes by salicylate treatment and virus infection.

Rhee, M. D. van de; Kan, Jan A.L. van; González-Jaén, M. Teresa; Bol, John F.

doi:10.1105/tpc.2.4.357

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…-643 and -689, which further supports the idea that SA is an endogenous signal for the plant defense (27). It was shown that unencapsidated viral RNA, not coat protein, elicited SA accumulation and that the SA level was proportional to TMV concentration (29).…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…Among several molecules that have been proposed as endogenous signals for the defense response to pathogens (3,4,25,30), SA2 was recognized as a key molecule that triggers local and systemic responses of tobacco to viral infection (14,15,19,27,29). SA levels in resistant, but not in susceptible, tobacco increase drastically in both TMVinfected and uninfected leaves in the same plant (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in endogenous SA level paralleled induction of the amount of PR proteins (29). Application of exogenous SA or its derivative acetyl-SA (aspirin) has been shown to effectively induce PR protein genes, such as PRl, f3-1,3-glucanases, and chitinases (14,16,19,27,29). Analysis of the tobacco PR-la promoter indicated that both TMV-and SA-responsive elements are located within the 46-nucleotide region between ' Supported in part by grants from U.S. Department of Agriculture, CSRS 89-37262-4892, and National Science Foundation, DCG-8919154.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Sucrose Enhancer Effect of the Potato Proteinase Inhibitor II Promoter by Salicylic Acid

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Costa³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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Effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the expression of the potato proteinase inhibitor (PI) II promoter was studied with transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotlana tabacum) carrying a gene fusion between the Pl-l1 promoter and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter. As previously observed, the P-1l promoter was inducible by wounding and the promoter activity was further enhanced by sucrose. Addition of SA did not influence the wound induction of the Pl-l1 promoter but significantly inhibited the sucrose response. The 5'-deletion mutant -573 was unable to respond to wounding but did respond to sucrose and SA. The 3'-deletion analysis indicated the presence of a sucrose-responsive element between -574 and -520. A study of the insertion mutants revealed the function of another sucrose-responsive element between -522 and -500. Enhancer effects of these sucroseresponsive elements were inhibited by SA. These studies suggest that SA inhibits Pl-l1 promoter activity by decreasing the sucrose response. Analysis of SA-related chemicals revealed that only acetyl-SA showed a similar inhibitory effect, and other hydroxybenzoic acids had little or no effect on the sucrose enhancer activity. Therefore, it seems that the interaction between SA and the receptor molecule is specific.

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confidence: 66%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Sucrose Enhancer Effect of the Potato Proteinase Inhibitor II Promoter by Salicylic Acid

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Costa³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…By functional analyses in transgenic tobacco plants, we show, as has been reported by Van de Rhee et al (1990), Van de Rhee and Bol(l993) and Uknes et al (1993), that 906 bp of the PR-1 a 5'-flanking region are sufficient to obtain reporter gene expression in young plants in response to TMV infection in the course of the hypersensitive reaction and to treatment of the plants with AcSiaCOOH. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this region of the PR-1 a gene also mediates reporter gene expression in older plants during the normal development of the tobacco plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Transgenic tobacco plants were generated with these constructs and monitored for reporter gene expression in the context of the hypersensitive defense reaction and after treatment of the plants with (Ac)SiaCOOH. By this analysis, it has been concluded that positive cis-acting elements must be located 5' from position -335 in the PR-1 a sequence (Beilmann et a]., 1991,1992), and more precisely at positions -689 to -600 ( Van de Rhee et al, 1990; Van de Rhee and Bol, 1993;Uknes et al, 1993). Other results have also been reported claiming that 0.3 kb of the PR-1 a 5'-flanking region are sufficient for a regulated expression of PR-1 genes (Ohshima et al, 1990~).…”

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confidence: 99%

The upstream region of the gene for the pathogenesis‐related protein 1 a from tobacco responds to environmental as well as to developmental signals in transgenic plants

Grüner

Pfitzner

1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins) are a heterogeneous group of proteins which are induced in plants by diverse stimuli, e.g. PR proteins are elicited by pathogen attack in the course of the hypersensitive defense reaction of the plant. To examine the regulation of these genes, the 5'-flanking region of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38) PR-1 a gene up to position -1533 was isolated from genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Two chimeric gene constructs containing 1533 bp and 906 bp, respectively, of the PR-1 a upstream region fused to the GUS reporter gene were stably integrated into the tobacco genome. All primary transformants exhibited induced expression of the reporter gene after infection of the plants with tobacco mosaic virus or treatment with acetylsalicylic acid. In addition, similar expression of the reporter gene was observed in leaves of adult transgenic plants-without any prior inductive treatments. To study this phenomenon in more detail, the F1 progeny of independent transgenic lines were monitored during the ontogeny of the plants. In normally developing tobacco plants, strong GUS activities were typically detected approximately 12 weeks after germination in the lowest leaves of vegetative plants. When successive leaves of individual plants were tested during the following weeks, a clear gradient of reporter gene activity had developed in the green leaves including the sepals from the bottom to the top of the plants. In all cases analyzed, this gradient of reporter gene expression was strictly parallelled by the expression of the endogenous PR-1 proteins. These results suggest that the acidic PR-1 proteins from tobacco fulfiIl a role during the later stages of plant development and that the PR-1 a upstream region -906 to -335 contains positive regulatory elements for both environmental and developmental signals.Infection of plants with pathogens usually results in a distinct host response depending on the genetic constitution of the plant and the pathogen. In an incompatible reaction, the plant succeeds in localizing the pathogen at the primary infection sites which often become visible as necrotic local lesions on the leaves (hypersensitive response). This local defense reaction is accompanied by a general resistance of the whole plant against further attack by pathogens, a phenomenon called systemic acquired resistance. During the defense reaction of the plant, several host-encoded proteins are induced which are known as pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins) and which are believed to play a role in restricting the pathogen. PR proteins were first described in 1970 in tobacco plants exhibiting the hypersensitive response after infection with toCorrespondence to U. M. Pfitzner, Botanisches Institut, MenFax: +49 89 1782 274.

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Control and Silencing of Transgene Expression

Müller

Wassenegger

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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The expression of a gene is a fundamental biological process with both immediate effects on an individual organism as well as long‐term consequences for the evolution of the living world. As such, gene expression is regulated by elaborate control mechanisms that act or interact to ensure a fine context‐specific tuning. Transgenes are subject to the same range of gene regulatory mechanisms that control endogenes. In addition, transgenes, like other newly acquired foreign or ‘invasive’ DNA elements in the genome, appear particularly susceptible to control mechanisms that detect and act upon ‘abnormalities’ encoded by the transgene sequence or structure, the transgene's positional and compositional relation to its genomic environment, the transgene's expression pattern, and the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of transgenic RNA intermediates and gene products. A thorough understanding of the pathway of gene expression, from transcriptional regulation by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, through to RNA and protein degradation, and the targets this pathway provides for gene regulatory processes to intervene, is essential for the successful application of transgenic tools in today's plant biotechnology.

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Analysis of regulatory elements involved in the induction of two tobacco genes by salicylate treatment and virus infection.

Cited by 71 publications

References 23 publications

Inhibition of Sucrose Enhancer Effect of the Potato Proteinase Inhibitor II Promoter by Salicylic Acid

Inhibition of Sucrose Enhancer Effect of the Potato Proteinase Inhibitor II Promoter by Salicylic Acid

The upstream region of the gene for the pathogenesis‐related protein 1 a from tobacco responds to environmental as well as to developmental signals in transgenic plants

Control and Silencing of Transgene Expression

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