Analysis of recent changes in maximum and minimum temperatures in Pakistan

Iqbal, Muhammad; Penas, Ángel; Cano-Ortíz, Ana; Kersebaum, Kurt Christian; Herrero, Luis; Río, Sara del

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.09.016

Cited by 70 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Summarizing, the higher warming rate in maximum temperature than minimum temperature in the HKNP is similar with the results of earlier studies conducted in this specific region (Fowler and Archer, ; Sheikh et al, ; Iqbal et al, ). An increase in DTR in the HKNP is mainly due to higher warming rates in maximum temperature in comparison with mild decrease/increase in minimum temperature.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…According to their study, maximum temperature is found to increase at all weather stations of the region on annual basis, whereas minimum temperature is found to increase only in summer months expect for two weather stations (Gilgit and Chitral). By analysing monthly temperature data for 1951for , Iqbal et al (2016 also noted that the maximum temperature increases at a faster rate than minimum temperature in northern Pakistan on annual basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…By analysing monthly temperature data for 1951−2009, Iqbal e t al. () also noted that the maximum temperature increases at a faster rate than minimum temperature in northern Pakistan on annual basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observed diurnal temperature range variations and its association with observed cloud cover in northern Pakistan

Ahmad

Athar

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Spatio‐temporal variability in the observed diurnal temperature range (DTR) for the recent 30‐year period (1986–2015) is examined from a total of 18 weather stations in Hindukush Karakoram Himalaya region of northern Pakistan (HKNP). The daily maximum and minimum temperature data are used to compute the regional DTR, whereas observed total cloud cover (TCC) is used to assess its possible relationship with regional DTR, both on seasonal and annual basis. The regional mean DTR is 13.27 °C on annual basis, with a maximum in autumn (14.63 °C) and minimum in winter (11.81 °C). On annual basis, the regional DTR has increased significantly at a rate of .34 °C/decade, during the 30‐year study period at p ≤ .05, based on Mann–Kendall test. On seasonal basis, the DTR displays an increasing trend in all four seasons with largest significant increase in the winter season at a rate of .32 °C/decade. The DTR is positively correlated with maximum temperature of the region on seasonal and annual basis. Strong negative correlation is found between the DTR and observed TCC in all seasons, indicating that variability in TCC has an impact on the variation of DTR in this region. The statistically significant increasing DTR trend along with statistically significant decreasing trend of TCC in spring season suggests an early melt of snow and ice covers in the region, consequently changing the hydrological cycle of the region that demands a better water resource management in the HKNP.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Observed diurnal temperature range variations and its association with observed cloud cover in northern Pakistan

Ahmad

Athar

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…The increase in annual percentage of winter and autumn discharge can be related to the increase in winter season annual percentage precipitation and increases in winter and autumn daytime temperatures (Figures 2a and 2b). However, the 11% decrease in spring season precipitation is accompanied by a 4.5% increase in discharge, indicating that rising temperatures (Asad et al, 2016;Fowler & Archer, 2006;Hasson et al, 2015;Iqbal et al, 2016) have caused the snowfields to become more vulnerable to melt during the spring (Figures 2a, 2b, and 2f). In summer, the 7% increase in precipitation is accompanied by a 6.3% decrease in discharge, indicating that the regional hydrological mass balance is actually positive during the summer, in spite of the fact that this is when most of the annual melting takes place.…”

Section: Seasonal and Annual Hydrologic Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hydrometeorological Perspective on the Karakoram Anomaly Using Unique Valley‐Based Synoptic Weather Observations

Bashir

Zeng

Gupta

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Glaciers in the eastern Hindukush, western Karakoram, and northwestern Himalayan mountain ranges of Northern Pakistan are not responding to global warming in the same manner as their counterparts elsewhere. Their retreat rates are less than the global average, and some are either stable or growing. Various investigations have questioned the role of climatic factors in regard to this anomalous behavior, widely referred to as “The Karakoram Anomaly.” Here, for the first time, we present a hydrometeorological perspective based on five decades of synoptic weather observations collected by the meteorological network of Pakistan. Analysis of this unique data set indicates that increased regional scale humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation, along with decreased net radiation, near‐surface wind speed, potential evapotranspiration, and river flow, especially during the summer season, represent a substantial change in the energy, mass, and momentum fluxes that are facilitating the establishment of the Karakoram anomaly.

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“…In Pakistan, several studies have been carried out to assess the observed changes in extreme temperature events (Abbas, ;Del Río et al ., ; Iqbal et al ., ). The maximum and minimum temperature extremes have generally increased at all timescales during 1952–2009 over Pakistan (Del Río et al ., ; Iqbal et al ., ). The number of extreme maximum (minimum) temperature events showed a positive (negative) trend over Pakistan during 1965–2009 (Zahid and Rasul, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor during 1980–2016

Ullah

You

Ullah

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This study uses the daily maximum and minimum temperature data sets of 48 meteorological stations to assess the observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) during 1980–2016. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall, Sen's slope estimator, least squares method, and two‐tailed simple t‐test methods were used to assess the trend in nine temperature extreme indices. The results of the study indicated that the trends in annual mean anomalies of cold nights, cold days, and frost days significantly decreased at the rates of −1.09, −1.58, and −1.05 day/decade, respectively. The number of warm nights, warm days, and summer days exhibited significant positive trends at the rates of 1.49, 1.04, and 4.32 day/decade, respectively. In addition, the trends of the warmest day and coldest day also increased significantly at the rates of 0.45 and 0.51 °C/decade, respectively. The trend of diurnal temperature range decreased significantly with −0.35 °C/decade. The spatial distribution of temperature extreme indices indicated that the number of cold nights, cold days, and diurnal temperature range have been decreased, while the trends of warm nights, warm days, summer days, warmest day, and coldest day have been increased over the whole country. Large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes derived from ERA‐Interim reanalysis show that a weak (strong) wind pressure, increasing (decreasing) geopotential height, and rapid warming (cooling) over the northern (southern) region have contributed to the changes in temperature extremes in Pakistan to some extent. With respect to elevation‐dependent warming (EDW), the trends of cold nights, warm days, summer days, warmest day, and diurnal temperature range showed significant positive correlations with increasing elevation. However, the trends of cold days, warm nights, frost days, and coldest day showed significant negative relationships with increasing elevation. The findings of this study will be helpful in the adaptation of climate change and mitigation of climatological disasters in the region. The study recommends that future studies should investigate the natural and anthropogenic drivers of temperature extremes and the possible mechanism of EDW in the CPEC region.

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Analysis of recent changes in maximum and minimum temperatures in Pakistan

Cited by 70 publications

References 71 publications

Observed diurnal temperature range variations and its association with observed cloud cover in northern Pakistan

Observed diurnal temperature range variations and its association with observed cloud cover in northern Pakistan

A Hydrometeorological Perspective on the Karakoram Anomaly Using Unique Valley‐Based Synoptic Weather Observations

Observed changes in temperature extremes over China–Pakistan Economic Corridor during 1980–2016

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