“…The PMT-based messages were found to be more effective than jurisdiction-based messages in specific gender groups under specific conditions. Aggressive driving may be induced by drivers' frustration (Joint, 1995;Malta et al, 2011), and driving at high speeds may be affected by drivers' anger (Mesken et al, 2007;Roidl et al, 2013;Vallières et al, 2014).…”