Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species Generating Systems in Rat Epididymal Spermatozoa1

Vernet, Patrick; Fulton, Norma; Wallace, Ceanne; Aitken, R. John

doi:10.1095/biolreprod65.4.1102

Cited by 108 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, in non-infectious situations, there are other sources of ROS and spermatozoa themselves are considered to be good ROS producers. One way in which epididymal sperm could produce ROS is through leakage of electrons from the mitochondrial chain transport (50). This hypothesis was recently supported by the observation that the spermatozoa of mice lacking transaldolase (an enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway) exhibit defective mitochondria lacking membrane potential and showing reduced levels of NADH and GSH as well as impaired ROS generation (37).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Epididymis seleno-independent glutathione peroxidase 5 maintains sperm DNA integrity in mice

Chabory¹,

Damon²,

Lenoir³

et al. 2009

J. Clin. Invest.

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140

173

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The mammalian epididymis provides sperm with an environment that promotes their maturation and protects them from external stresses. For example, it harbors an array of antioxidants, including non-conventional glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPX5), to protect them from oxidative stress. To explore the role of GPX5 in the epididymis, we generated mice that lack epididymal expression of the enzyme. Histological analyses of Gpx5 -/-epididymides and sperm cells revealed no obvious defects. Furthermore, there were no apparent differences in the fertilization rate of sexually mature Gpx5 -/-male mice compared with WT male mice. However, a higher incidence of miscarriages and developmental defects were observed when WT female mice were mated with Gpx5-deficient males over 1 year old compared with WT males of the same age. Flow cytometric analysis of spermatozoa recovered from Gpx5-null and WT male mice revealed that sperm DNA compaction was substantially lower in the cauda epididymides of Gpx5-null animals and that they suffered from DNA oxidative attacks. Real-time PCR analysis of enzymatic scavengers expressed in the mouse epididymis indicated that the cauda epididymidis epithelium of Gpx5-null male mice mounted an antioxidant response to cope with an excess of ROS. These observations suggest that GPX5 is a potent antioxidant scavenger in the luminal compartment of the mouse cauda epididymidis that protects spermatozoa from oxidative injuries that could compromise their integrity and, consequently, embryo viability.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 98%

Epididymis seleno-independent glutathione peroxidase 5 maintains sperm DNA integrity in mice

Chabory¹,

Damon²,

Lenoir³

et al. 2009

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

140

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As a result, only very small amounts of O 2 -leak out of the mitochondria. However, the leakage of O 2 -from mitochondria has been reported (Aitken, 1997;Vernet et al, 2001). Additionally, membrane-bound NADPH has been detected in mammalian sperm (Aitken, 1997;Aitken et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of redox- and phosphorylation-dependent pathways in osmotic adaptation in sperm cells of euryhaline tilapia

Morita

Nakajima

Takemura

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYSperm cells involved in fertilisation must tolerate hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic environments. Euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) can acclimatise to and reproduce in freshwater and seawater because its sperm are able to adapt to these differing osmotic environments. In this study, we found that the dephosphorylation of sperm proteins in O. mossambicus correlated with the activation of flagellar motility when sperm were exposed to hypotonic or hypertonic conditions, and that differences in phosphorylation may reflect adaptations to a given osmotic environment. Of the sperm proteins that were dephosphorylated, the phosphorylation pattern of an 18kDa protein, identified as the superoxide anion scavenger Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), was different in freshwater-and seawater-acclimatised tilapia sperm. Cu/Zn SOD was distributed from the sperm head to the flagellum. Additionally, differences were observed between freshwater and seawater tilapia in the nitration of tyrosine residues (which might be mediated by SOD) in sperm flagellar proteins in response to osmotic shock. These results demonstrate that reactive-oxygen-species-dependent mechanisms contribute to both osmotic tolerance and the activation of flagellar motility.

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“…De otro lado, el incremento de espermatozoides inmaduros con citoplasma residual observado en parejas infértiles, sugiere que la calidad de la espermatogénesis es menor a la de parejas fértiles (29)(30)(31). Además, existen otras posibilidades sobre la generación de ROS intracelular en el espermatozoide: i) la fuga de electrones de la cadena de transporte mitocondrial, ii) la NA-DPH oxidasa como una posible fuente de ROS y, iii) la generación de ROS por medio del oxido nítri-co (ON) en la regiones post-acrosomales y ecuatoriales (32).…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

Estrés oxidativo: ¿un estado celular defectuoso para la función espermática?

Mayorga-Torres

Camargo

Cadavid

et al. 2015

Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.

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RESUMENEn los organismos vivos, las cantidades de radicales libres y especies reactivas del oxígeno (ROS) son controladas por un complejo sistema de homeostasis, capaz de mantener niveles fisiológicos de ROS necesarios para el funcionamiento y regulación de algunas biomoléculas. Paralelamente, los organismos poseen sistemas bioquímicos de protección contra el estrés oxidativo, que consiste en el desbalance entre la producción de especies químicas altamente reactivas y las defensas antioxidantes de la célula. Dicho estrés contribuye de manera importante a la etiología tanto de la senescencia celular como de algunas enfermedades. En el contexto reproductivo, las células espermáticas pasan por una serie de cambios fisiológicos durante los procesos de maduración, capacitación y fecundados, entre los que se incluyen las modificaciones de las proteínas existentes, reguladas por señales procedentes del entorno espermático, donde las ROS modulan importantes vías bioquímicas, involucradas en procesos fundamentales de la función del espermatozoide y que se pueden alterar en estados de estrés oxidativo. El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es describir algunos de los procesos que contribuyen al estrés oxidativo y sus implicaciones sobre la funcionalidad espermática. PALABRAS CLAVE: Espermatozoide, fertilidad, especies reactivas del oxígeno, antioxidantes SUMMARYLiving organisms regulate the load of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a complex homeostatic system, capable of maintaining physiological levels of ROS, necessary for the action and regulation of some biomolecules. In parallel, organisms harbor biochemical protection systems against oxidative stress, consisting of an unbalance state between oxygen reactive chemical species and antioxidant defense production; this kind of biochemical stress has been shown to contribute to cellular senescence and the development of different diseases. In the reproductive field, the spermatic cells undergo a serial of physiological changes during the maturation, capacitation and fertilization process. Such changes include the modification of proteins regulated by signals from the sperm environment, where ROS modulate important biochemical pathways involved in fundamental processes of sperm function, and that could be altered under oxidative stress conditions. The objective of this review is to describe some of the processes that contribute to oxidative stress and its implications on sperm functionality.

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Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species Generating Systems in Rat Epididymal Spermatozoa1

Cited by 108 publications

References 54 publications

Epididymis seleno-independent glutathione peroxidase 5 maintains sperm DNA integrity in mice

Epididymis seleno-independent glutathione peroxidase 5 maintains sperm DNA integrity in mice

Involvement of redox- and phosphorylation-dependent pathways in osmotic adaptation in sperm cells of euryhaline tilapia

Estrés oxidativo: ¿un estado celular defectuoso para la función espermática?

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