Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Geologic Samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry; US DOE Topical Report - DOE/NETL-2016/1794

Bank, Tracy L.; Roth, Elliot A.; Tinker, Phillip; Granite, Evan J.

doi:10.2172/1415779

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…. The precision and accuracy of the ICP-MS technique and the drawbacks and limitation of this method were discussed elsewhere [24]. Based on duplicate sample measurements precision can be generalized as less than 10% relative standard deviation for most major elements and metals and less than 5% for rare earth elements except Sc.…”

Section: Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products by physical separations

Lin

Howard

Roth

et al. 2017

Fuel

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152

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Rare earth elements (REE) are of strategic importance because they find numerous applications in various sectors of the global economy.The concern about the REE supply challenge has led to increasing interest and research in the recovery of REE from end-of-life products and secondary sources such as coal and coal by-products. The work reported here was focused on examining the technical feasibility of physical separation techniques for the enrichment of REE from coal and coal by-products. Particle size, magnetic and density separations were performed on coal, coal ash, clay and shale samples. It was found that the samples responded to particle size separation differently. For all ash samples, higher REE concentrations were found in the finer fractions. For the clay and shalesamples, however, the REE concentrations decrease as the particle size reduces possibly because RE minerals were not effectively released by grinding. Magnetic separation showed that REE are enriched in non-magnetic fractions for all ash samples. All samples responded similarly to density separation. Among the three methods, density separation showed the highest enrichment of REE. A combination of these methods is recommended. Finally, correlations between elements were demonstrated, which leads to the classification of three groups containing mainly Al/Si, Fe and Ca, respectively. REE are strongly associated with the Al/Si group.

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Section: Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products by physical separations

Lin

Howard

Roth

et al. 2017

Fuel

Self Cite

152

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“…Detailed experimental procedures can be found in a recent DOE topical report (Bank et al . ). A Nexion 300D quadrupole ICP‐MS (PerkinElmer) with universal cell technology was used for bulk elemental determination of the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This method was optimised for the recovery of rare earth elements in a matrix of high total dissolved solids and high Li and B from the fusion procedure (Bank et al . ). KED mode was employed to lower the total dissolved solids but was not needed to remove interferences related to REE determination, except for Sc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Investigation of Thulium and Other Rare Earth Element Mass Fractions in NIST SRM 1632a Bituminous Coal Reference Material by Quadrupole ICP‐MS

Roth

Bank

Granite

2018

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry after lithium metaborate fusion and digestion was used to measure the rare earth element (REE) mass fractions of several reference materials including NIST SRM 1632a, a historical bituminous Pennsylvania seam coal. While most of the REE mass fractions measured in this study were consistent with the published consensus data, the measured mass fraction of thulium for NIST SRM 1632a was consistently lower compared with the published data. Chondrite normalisation of the published consensus data for NIST SRM 1632a produced a positive thulium anomaly (Tm = 1.78), which is inconsistent with a terrestrial source of sediment. Normalisation of REE mass fractions collected in this study produced no significant Tm anomaly (Tm = 0.93), which agrees with the sedimentary depositional environment of coal. Therefore, a revised mass fraction of 0.16 mg kg−1 Tm in NIST SRM 1632a is recommended.

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“…The workhorse analytical method used in this study was inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS method has been described in detail by Bank et al [27], and has become the standard method for determination of the abundance of REE in coal and coal-related samples. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) was used to provide magnified images and point chemical composition.…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements in North Dakota Lignite Coal and Lignite-Related Materials

Laudal

Benson

Palo³

et al. 2018

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Rare earth elements (REE) are crucial materials in an incredible array of consumer goods, energy system components, and military defense applications. However, the global production and entire value chain for REE is dominated by China, with the U.S. currently 100% import reliant for these critical materials. Traditional mineral ores including those previously mined in the U.S., however, have several challenges. Chief among these is that the content of the most critical and valuable of the rare earths is deficient, making mining uneconomical. Further, the supply of these most critical rare earths is nearly 100% produced in China from a single resource that is only projected to last another 10–20 years. The U.S. currently considers the rare earths market an issue of national security. It is imperative that alternative domestic sources of rare earths be identified and methods developed to produce them. Recently, coal and coal byproducts have been identified as one of these promising alternative resources. This paper details the results of a study on characterization of North Dakota lignite and lignite-related feedstocks as an assessment of their feasibility for REE recovery. The abundance, distribution, and modes of occurrence of the REE in the samples collected were determined in this initial study to inform the selection of appropriate extraction and concentration methods to recover the REE. Materials investigated include the lignite coals, clay-rich sediments associated with the coal seams, and materials associated with a lignite beneficiation system and power plant. The results show that high REE levels exist both in lignite coals and associated sediments. The form of the REE in the clay materials is primarily as ultrafine mineral grains. In the lignite coals, approximately 80–95% of the rare earths content is organically associated, primarily as coordination complexes.

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Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Geologic Samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry; US DOE Topical Report - DOE/NETL-2016/1794

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Enrichment of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products by physical separations

Enrichment of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products by physical separations

Investigation of Thulium and Other Rare Earth Element Mass Fractions in NIST SRM 1632a Bituminous Coal Reference Material by Quadrupole ICP‐MS

Rare Earth Elements in North Dakota Lignite Coal and Lignite-Related Materials

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