Analysis of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Difficult Conditions by the Parabolic Equation Method

Permyakov, V. A.; Михайлов, М. С.; Malevich, Elena S.

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2905674

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Calculate the field value u(R tar ) at the target location. 3) Finally, the target echo signal is calculated by equation (17).…”

Section: Pe/fdtd Echo Prediction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [16], The SSFT-PE model is obtained by combining PE with the split-step Fourier transform (SSFT) algorithm, which has high computational efficiency and excellent numerical stability. Moreover, It can take into account the attenuation effect, over-the-horizon propagation and multi-path effect caused by the complex environmental factors such as rain, fog, atmospheric duct and irregular terrain [17]. In [18], time domain parabolic equation (TDPE) method is proposed based on SSFT-PE, which is the most effective signal prediction method in large-scale complex environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel PE/FDTD Hybrid Model for Predicting Echo Signals of Radar Targets in Large-Scale Complex Environments

et al. 2020

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The prediction of radar target echo signal in a large-scale complex environment is of great significance in target detection, radar design and other applications. In this paper, a novel PE/FDTD hybrid model is proposed to predict monostatic radar target echo signals in large-scale complex environments. The target echo signal can be regarded as the output response of the transmitted signal which passes through a linear time invariant system composed of complex environment and target. The transport function of the complex environment is computed by the parabolic equation (PE) method and the scattering characteristics of the target are calculated by finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The combination of PE and FDTD is realized through the system response function. In combination with the ''stop-go'' method, the prediction of moving target echo signal is realized. In addition, the error of combining PE with FDTD is analyzed, and the result shows that the error is less than 0.1% when the target distance is more than 10km. Additional numerical examples are given to demonstrate the correctness of the method in semi-space, rain, fog and atmospheric duct environments. The calculated results are compared with those of theoretical method, time-domain shooting and bouncing ray (TDSBR), multi-level fast multi-pole method (MLFMM) and waveguide mode theory, and good agreement among them is observed. Finally, the simulation analysis of the missile echo signal in the mixed sea-land environment with surface duct is carried out. The simulation results show that this model can be used to predict the echo signal of airborne targets in a large-scale complex environment. It is a promising option for multi-scale computing involving radar target and large-scale environment. INDEX TERMS Monostatic radar target echo, parabolic equation (PE), PE/FDTD hybrid model, large-scale complex environment.

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“…Calculate the field value u(R tar ) at the target location. 3) Finally, the target echo signal is calculated by equation (17).…”

Section: Pe/fdtd Echo Prediction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel PE/FDTD Hybrid Model for Predicting Echo Signals of Radar Targets in Large-Scale Complex Environments

et al. 2020

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“…The forest environment has a substantial impact on the propagation of radio waves. The loss of radio waves in the forest is much greater than that in the atmosphere [3], [4]. The wireless signal is affected by the topography, vegetation, weather and other factors during the propagation process and reflection, scattering, absorption and other phenomena may cause signal attenuation [5], [6].…”

Section: Wireless Communication Depends On Wireless Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Spatial Channel Matrix Mapping and Precoding Algorithm in the Forest Environment

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Few studies have been conducted on the forest spatial channel matrix, most of which were conducted by experts and scholars in the field of communications. The mature cellular network channel coding matrix was ''transplanted'' to the vegetation-covered space, and the effects of the various vegetation dielectric constants, the forest canopy density and other objective factors on the traditional cellular channel were ignored. To overcome this problem, this paper built a relay network that is suitable for forest environments. This network was an effective complement to the existing cellular communication network for expanding the coverage of signals in the forest. On this basis, this paper analysed the multi-antenna relay transmission protocol and proposed an additional spatial channel matching (mapping) matrix between the forward and backward filters. This matrix was designed to consider the effect of the complex forest environment on the channel to reduce the relaying noise power. Then, under the forest cellular relay network topology, a spatial channel matrix structure (based on unitary matrix) that is suitable for the forest environment is proposed. This matrix can be incorporated into various relay protocols and considers the source node preprocessing operation and the destination node equalizer. The forest relay cooperative network that is proposed in this paper can effectively expand the coverage of signals in forest areas; however, due to the inherent limitations of the relay network, many problems will be encountered in practical applications. For example, the precoding scheme that is based on phase correction requires the terminal node to feed the phase correction factor back to the forest base station node; however, the system performance is substantially affected by the feedback accuracy and the arrival delay difference. Due to the uncertain rank of the integrated channel in the forest base station precoding scheme, it was necessary to adapt to a variety of antenna ports, which rendered the design of the precoding codebook highly difficult. In addition, when the number of transmission layers was greater than 1, the local precoding scheme also encountered the problem of inter-layer interference (ILI). Based on a detailed analysis of the shortcomings of the previous scheme and the strategy of partial coherence transmission, this paper proposes an improved algorithm of incoherent joint transmission technology and an improved precoding scheme that are suitable for forest relay systems. The signal that is transmitted by the relay node and the feedback signal is corrected via layer exchange between cells and via phase correction. By changing the layer's exchange information and phase information, it can be adapted to various forest environments, such as artificial forests, natural forests, and virgin forests. Finally, the outage probability is considered as a performance indicator in the simulation of the forest environment wireless relay system. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the s...

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“…A few 3-D implementations based on PE are found in the literature [3]- [11]. These methods have been applied only over restricted specification of an environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Wave Propagation over Different Types of Terrains and Environments Using the Parabolic Equation Solved by Higher Order Approximation of the Finite Difference Method

Ahmad

Kasilingam

2021

IJEEI

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Designing communications and radar systems depends on accurate modeling of ground waves in three-dimensional environment. Propagation of ground waves in the VHF and UHF bands affected by the characteristics of the terrain and the troposphere. Although some three-dimensional modeling of ground waves was found in the literature based on solving the parabolic equation, they were limited to a specific terrain and/or environment. Also, a lot of important factors such as the refractive index of the troposphere were ignored. In this paper, a computational model was developed for predicting the electromagnetic wave propagation over different types of terrains and environments under three-dimensional conditions. The model is based on solving the parabolic equation using higher order approximation of the finite difference method. The model allows specifications of an antenna and the electrical characteristics of the ground. Moreover, the model treats flat and non-flat terrains, mixed path with different electrical characteristics, and forest environment. Furthermore, the model enables calculations to be performed under standard and non-standard refractive conditions of the troposphere that varies in height, width, and range. The results were compared with twodimensional parabolic equation solved by Fourier split-step and showed excellent agreement.

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Analysis of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Difficult Conditions by the Parabolic Equation Method

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

A Novel PE/FDTD Hybrid Model for Predicting Echo Signals of Radar Targets in Large-Scale Complex Environments

A Novel PE/FDTD Hybrid Model for Predicting Echo Signals of Radar Targets in Large-Scale Complex Environments

Improvement of the Spatial Channel Matrix Mapping and Precoding Algorithm in the Forest Environment

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Wave Propagation over Different Types of Terrains and Environments Using the Parabolic Equation Solved by Higher Order Approximation of the Finite Difference Method

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