Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems

Stec, Agnieszka; Kordana, Sabina

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.10.006

Cited by 73 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Therefore, it will be a development direction for the study of water issues in cities by utilizing the underground storage facilities to store water resources and rainwater and regulating rainwater, in addition to the storage by rivers and reservoirs. For example, Japan has built underground artificial rivers and reservoirs in many metropolises for the purpose of regulating the rainwater outflow and storing the excess natural rainfall in wet seasons for the use of dry seasons and improving the situation of water shortage Imteaz et al, 2015;Ste and Kordan, 2015).…”

Section: Effective Alternative Measures For Ibtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-environmental impact of inter-basin water transfer projects: a review

Zhuang

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

181

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The objective reality of uneven water resource distribution and imbalanced water demand of the human society makes it inevitable to transfer water. It has been an age-old method to adopt the inter-basin water transfers (IBTs) for alleviating and even resolving the urgent demand of the waterdeficient areas. A number of countries have made attempts and have achieved enormous benefits. However, IBTs inevitably involve the redistribution of water resources in relevant basins and may cause changes of the ecological environment in different basins. Such changes are two-sided, namely, the positive impacts, including adding new basins for waterdeficient areas, facilitating water cycle, improving meteorological conditions in the recipient basins, mitigating ecological water shortage, repairing the damaged ecological system, and preserving the endangered wild fauna and flora, as well as the negative impacts, including salinization and aridification of the donor basins, damage to the ecological environment of the donor basins and the both sides of the conveying channel system, increase of water consumption in the recipient basins, and spread of diseases, etc. Because IBTs have enormous ecological risk, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the inter-basin water balance relationship, coordinate the possible conflicts and environmental quality problems between regions, and strengthen the argumentation of the ecological risk of water transfer and eco-compensation measures. In addition, there are some effective alternative measures for IBTs, such as attaching importance to water cycle, improving water use efficiency, developing sea water desalination, and rainwater harvesting technology, etc.

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Section: Effective Alternative Measures For Ibtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-environmental impact of inter-basin water transfer projects: a review

Zhuang

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

181

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“…The selection of an appropriate system to supply a building with hot water is not an easy decision and it should be based on a multi-criteria analysis [1]. There are certain attempts that aim at reducing water consumption, as well as reducing the energy required to heat the hot water through recycling greywater and using heat exchangers DWHR [2,3]. A reasonable idea seems to be the replacement of inefficient heat sources, with those of higher efficiency; or replacement of the conventional energy carriers with their alternatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analysis of unit costs of preparing hot water for various sources of heat

Mazur

Słyś

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract.The article presents an analysis of energy consumption and the cost of its production by the systems of supply of hot water depending on the applied heat sources and destination of a building. The calculations have taken into account the efficiency of the adopted installation solutions that have a direct impact on energy consumption. The following parameters have been determined: the size of the seasonal demand for hot water, an annual amount of fuel needed to its production and annual operating costs. The calculations have been performed for residential buildings and public buildings, whilst maintaining the same usable space. The aim of the article is to determine the rate of the amount of fuel, needed to heat to the desired temperature, a unit volume of water depending on the type of heat source and destination of a premises. For the adopted variants of installation, the ratio of production costs of unit volume of hot water has been also determined. The indicators of the fuel amount and the cost of hot water pointed out in the article may be one of the criteria for selection of an effective system for the preparation of hot water.

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“…Designing of sustainable water systems should be aimed at reducing the consumption of tap water, among others, through the use of dredging batteries and devices to reduce the amount of water consumed, economic use of rainwater and recycling of gray water [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial efficiency of rainwater utilization system in single-family house

Stec

2017

E3S Web Conf.

Self Cite

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Abstract.Designing of sustainable water systems should be aimed at reducing the consumption of tap water and the use of alternative water sources, such as rainwater and graywater. Therefore, the aim of the researches conducted was to determine the cost-effectiveness of the economic exploitation of rainwater utilization system in single-family house. As a tool for the analysis, the methodology Life Cycle Cost was used. It provides a comparison of different investment options and the opportunity to choose the one that is characterized by the lowest costs over the entire period of exploitation of the object. The research was conducted for four installation variants: the traditional solution and a solution in which rainwater was used for flushing toilets, washing and watering the garden. Variable parameters for calculations applied in the model were, among other things, different number of occupants and different length of exploitation of the installations. Additionally, the study included co-financing for the initial investment, which could be an incentive for residents to undertake this type of installation. The analysis conducted has shown that the systems with the use of rainwater enable significant reductions in the consumption of drinking water, while the variant with the traditional system was a most cost-effective solution only in few cases.

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Analysis of profitability of rainwater harvesting, gray water recycling and drain water heat recovery systems

Cited by 73 publications

References 60 publications

Eco-environmental impact of inter-basin water transfer projects: a review

Eco-environmental impact of inter-basin water transfer projects: a review

The analysis of unit costs of preparing hot water for various sources of heat

Financial efficiency of rainwater utilization system in single-family house

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