Analysis of primary metabolites of Morchella fruit bodies and mycelium based on widely targeted metabolomics

Abstract

Morchella is a kind of medicinal and edible homologous fungia that is rich in multiple metabolites. The metabolites from Morchella are a kind of essential substance because of their biological activities. In this study, Morchella fruit bodies and mycelium were selected to identify their metabolites. The primary metabolites of the two experimental group were analyzed using a method of widely targeted metabolome based on UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 354 different metabolites, including 188 upregulated metabolites and 166 downregulated metabolites, were characterized. Further, the main 20 metabolic pathways of the metabolites were analyzed. The rst 9 ones are tyrosine metabolites, thyroid hormone biosynthetic pathway, phenylalanine metabolites, linoleic metabolites synthetic pathway, glycerophosphate metabolic pathway, choline in tumors, methyl butyl metabolites, arginine synthetic pathway, arginine, arginine and proline metabolites. This study provides theoretical basis for the analysis of metabolic pathway of Morchella fruit bodies and mycelium that serving for further research of their medicinal mechanism and effective components.

Genome, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the resource development in an edible fungus Dictyophora indusiata

“…Choline is essential for cell membranes’ structural integrity and signaling functions ( Zeisel, 2006 ; Wiedeman et al, 2018 ). Studies have also detected choline in other medicinal fungi, such as Morchella ( Yang et al, 2021 ), Poria cocos ( Sun, 2014 ), and Sanghuangporus baumii ( Zheng et al, 2021 ); however, it is usually extracted from the fungal fruiting bodies, unlike mycelium in the present study. Thus, the present study’s findings suggest that DI mycelium may be a potential raw material for extracting the medicinal ingredient after fermentation.…”

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles Provide Insights into the Red-Stipe Symptom of Morel Fruiting Bodies

“…Compared to Morchella response to P. penicillatus , similarly determined using a dual RNA-Seq approach [ 40 ], “tryptophan metabolism (map00380)” and “pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis (map00770)” were also identified in our study. When compared to the Morchella fruiting bodies and mycelium metabolites based on widely targeted metabolomic analyses [ 29 ], only “glycerophospholipid metabolism (map00564)” was common in our study. Most interestingly, “tyrosine metabolism (map00350)” was the only pathway identified in both the above studies and our study ( Figure 5 C and Supplementary Table S18 ).…”

“…The most enriched metabolic pathway In the Morchella fruiting bodies and mycelium DAMs was that of tyrosine [ 29 ]. Tyrosine metabolism is mainly involved in different phenolic metabolite biosynthesis, and it indirectly affects the umami flavor of Morchella , exhibiting a vital role in the fruiting body development.…”

“…Morel cultivation has achieved significant breakthroughs in China since 2012, with an area of 16,466 ha during the 2021–2022 season [ 11 ]. Meanwhile, morel biology has been recently extensively studied with important findings on its reproductive modes [ 7 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], nuclear and mitochondrial genome sequence and function [ 9 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], microbial community dynamics [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], nutrient metabolism [ 27 ], and fruiting body development [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Transcriptomics combined with metabolomics unveiled the key genes and metabolites of mycelium growth in Morchella importuna

“…The most DEGs enriched in the pathway of tyrosine metabolism in our study means that a variety of active substances related to tyrosine metabolism are produced to maintain mycelial growth during mycelial development. Similarly, most of the different metabolites that participated in the pathway of tyrosine metabolism were identified by the analysis of primary metabolites of Morchella fruit bodies and mycelium (Yang et al, 2021 ). Purine nucleotides play important roles in nucleic acid constitutes, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and coenzyme factor (Pantazopoulou et al, 2007 ).…”