Analysis of power pattern in CLAS with the material thickness and properties error through interval arithmetic

Abstract

A novel analytical approach based on interval arithmetic is proposed to investigate the effect of material thickness and properties errors on the average power pattern in the conformal load‐bearing antenna structures (CLAS) for both local and global errors conditions. The uncertainties of the thickness or properties error of CLAS composite material are modelled as interval‐valued parameters. The dominant expressions between the thickness or properties error interval and the power pattern interval are derived by interval arithmetic along with some main electromagnetic characteristics (side‐lobe level, peak power, and half‐power beamwidth) expressed as intervals can be produced through interval analysis (IA). Some numerical examples are reported to validate the proposed approach and to show its reliability and efficiency when considering different thickness and property errors. The obtained results show that the proposed IA‐based approach offers tangible advantages and effectiveness against some traditional statistical techniques (such as the Monte Carlo method).

Effect and experiment of curvature radius of 3‐D printed conformal load‐bearing antenna array on EM performance

“…The proposed spherical CLAA is based on a 4‐patch planar array . There are some differences: (a) 8‐patch is used in this work instead of 4‐patch in References ; (b) the material of substrate is different, then the geometric parameters of patch and array are little different; and (c) spherical surface is used in this work instead of planar array in References . For the proposed 3D CLAA (non‐developable surface, like spherical surface), there is not a fabrication method in commercial use except the proposed 3‐D printing technology according to the authors' knowledge.…”

“…Conformal load‐bearing antenna array (CLAA) has great potential application in communication equipment of aircrafts and aerospace fields . To satisfy aerodynamic requirement of carriers, CLAA usually has special outline, it is very similar to airborne radome . A typical CLAA is fabricated by creating a planar patch array, then embedding it into a specific shape composite structure .…”

Taylor Expansion and Matrix-Based Interval Analysis of Linear Arrays With Patch Element Pattern Tolerance

“…Neither analytic [16,17] (e.g., statistics and probability) nor numerical methods (e.g., FEM, FDTD, and MoM) are suitable for addressing the tolerance issue because a large amount of statistical data, complex probability distribution functions, or significant computing resources are required. However, the interval arithmetic method can sufficiently address the problem of the interval parameter (i.e., tolerance); this method has been adapted for tolerance analysis of reflector antennas [18][19][20], arrays [3][4][5][6][7], reflector arrays [12], radomes [21,22], and CLAS [23]. Both the dimensions [12] and material errors [21] of an antenna resulting from the fabrication process are modelled as interval variables, and their effects on the radiation pattern are analysed; however, no studies regarding tolerance analysis of an antenna array's element factor (pattern) currently exist.…”

Probabilistic Interval Analysis for the Analytic Prediction of the Pattern Tolerance Distribution in Linear Phased Arrays With Random Excitation Errors

“…Indeed, the only quantities involved in the IA-based maths are the endpoints of the intervals of the input variables (i.e., the antenna descriptors such as the excitations for the antenna arrays) affected by uncertainties. Thanks to these advantages, IA-based methods have been profitably applied to different antenna systems and devices such as PAs [18]- [23], reflector antennas [24] [25], reflectarrays, [26] and antenna materials [27] or radomes [28] [29]. Moreover, IA-based tolerance analysis techniques have been exploited, jointly with optimization algorithms, for the robust synthesis of antennas [30] [31] [32] in order to obtain antenna designs resilient to uncertainties within the considered error intervals, without the need of correcting their effects through suitable compensation methods [33]- [35].…”