Analysis of Potential Waste-to-Energy Plant in Final Waste Disposal Sites iIn Indonesia Towards SDGs 2030 (A Literature Review)

Abstract

Introduction: Waste processing in Final Disposal Sites (FDS) in Indonesia is still dominated by open dumping. This condition causes health and environmental problems and inhibits the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Waste is biomass that can be converted into electrical energy through the Waste-to-Energy Plant (WtE Plant) installation. This article aimed to illustrate the potential of WtE Plant in the FDS in Indonesia in supporting the achievement of SDGs 2030. Discussion: Most waste in the FDS are dominated by organic waste with the highwater content of 60-70% but have a calorific value almost equivalent to sub-bituminous coal. Most studies show the WtE Plant uses a thermal method (incinerator) than other technologies because it has a superior value in the technical aspects (easy operation and high generated energy around 9.86%), economy aspects (medium investment value, but high profit with moderate payback period around 6.5 years) environmental aspects (reduction of waste up to 70-80% and emissions), and lower public health impacts than those produced by open dumping and coal systems. For environmentally safe optimal results, it is necessary to reduce wastewater content, increase pollution control units, and implement an integrated monitoring system. Conclusion: The implementation of WtE Plant can accelerate to achieve the SDGs 2030, especially the 7th, 8th, 12th, and 13th goals concerning clean and affordable energy, decent jobs and economic growth, responsible consumption and production, and addressing climate change, respectively.

ANALISIS POTENSI SAMPAH DI TPA TOISAPU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH (PLTSa) DI KOTA AMBON

“…Beberapa aspek yang mempengaruhi rendahnya potensi energi listrik yang dihasilkan antara lain sampah yang masuk ke TPA Toisapu belum dipilah dan masih menggunakan sistem open dumping sehingga kadar air sampah cukup tinggi. Sampah dengan kadar air yang tinggi akan mempunyai kalori yang rendah sehingga lebih sulit diproses dan dibakar dalam incinerator yang berpengaruh terhadap energi yang dihasilkan [18], selain itu, jumlah sampah di kota Ambon masih tergolong rendah sehingga belum memadai untuk pembangunan PLTSa. Menurut Qodriyatun (2021), PLTSa termal bisa menjadi solusi alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan akibat sampah di kota dengan produksi sampah di atas 1.000 ton/hari [15], sementara itu di Kota Ambon rata-rata jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan per hari di tahun 2020 yaitu 5,7 ton atau sebanyak 5.709,03 kg.…”

Identifying Factors Affecting Waste Generation in West Java in 2021 Using Spatial Regression

“…Indonesia is one of the countries facing challenges in achieving 12 th of seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is primarily due to waste issues, particularly in developing nations with high population growth rates (Sarasati et al, 2021). Solid waste is generated from daily activities such as households, traditional markets, recreational sites, tourist destinations, restaurants, and more (Fatimah et al, 2020).…”

Study of the Development Potential of Geospatial-Based PSEL (Waste Processing into Electrical Energy) Areas

“…Most research shows that thermal method technology (incinerators) as a waste processing facility has superior value compared to other technologies because in the technical aspect, namely easy operation, the environmental aspect, namely reducing the volume of waste by up to 70-80% and the impact on public health is lower compared to processing landfill method. Apart from being a solution offered in reducing the volume of waste, the energy produced from thermal can be converted into electrical energy, where the energy efficiency level reaches 98.6% (Sarasati et al, 2021).…”