Analysis of Polysaccharide Fraction from Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>St. Hil.) on Regeneration of Planarian (<i>Girardia tigrina</i>)

Orso, Regina; Gonçalves, Itamar Luís; Bampi, Edivania Navarini; Puton, Bruna Maria Saorin; Hepp, Luiz Ubiratan; Dartora, Nessana; Roman, Silvane Souza; Valduga, Alice Teresa

doi:10.1002/star.202000091

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…It also was highly toxic to bees, impairing the learning behavior of the species Apis mellifera [39]. In addition, aquatic organisms such as amphibians, cladocerans, and oligochaetes showed harmful effects related to exposure to fipronil [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints

et al. 2022

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Fipronil is a pyrazole insecticide used to control undesirable insect populations. Due to its large-scale application, there is the potential for surface waters’ contamination, with toxic action for non-target organisms, and consequent impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Planarians are potential non-target aquatic invertebrates to these insecticides. They are widespread in tropical freshwaters and have been proposed as good candidates to assess the toxic effects of freshwater systems contaminated by insecticides. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the sublethal concentrations of a fipronil-based insecticide that may affect the planarian physiology. After chronic exposure to Regent 800 WG®, a significant decrease in locomotor velocity (LOEC—6.25 mg·L−1), regeneration of the auricles and photoreceptors (LOEC—3.13 mg·L−1), and reproduction (fecundity—LOEC 12.5 mg·L−1) were observed. The results of our study demonstrate that long-term exposure to a pyrazole insecticide can compromise non-target aquatic invertebrates while reinforcing the need for a better investigation of complementary parameters (such as behavior, regeneration, and reproduction) for a more accurate risk assessment of commercial pesticide toxicity in freshwater systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints

et al. 2022

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The Role of Alternative Toxicological Trials in Drug Discovery Programs. The Case of Caenorhabditis elegans and Other Methods

Göethel

Augsten

Neves

et al. 2022

CMC

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The discovery of a new drug requires over a billion dollars and around 12 years of research efforts, and toxicity is the leading reason for failure to approve candidate drugs. Many alternative methods have been validated to detect toxicity as early as possible to diminish the waste of resources and efforts in medicinal chemistry research, and in vivo alternative methods are especially valuable for the amount of information they can give at little cost and in a short time. In this work, we present a review of the literature published between the years 2000 and 2021 of in vivo alternative methods of toxicity screening employed in medicinal chemistry, which we believe will be useful because, in addition to shortening research times, these studies provide much additional information aside from the toxicity of drug candidate compounds. These in vivo models include zebrafish, Artemia salina, Galleria mellonella, Drosophila melanogaster, planarians, and Caenorhabditis elegans as highlights. The most published ones in the last decade were zebrafish, D. melanogaster and C. elegans due to their reliability, ease and cost-effectiveness of implementation and flexibility. Special attention is given to C. elegans because of its rising popularity, a wide range of uses including toxicity screening, and active effects measurement, from antioxidant effects to anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities, and its fast and reliable results. Over time, C. elegans also became a viable high-throughput (HTS) automated drug screening option. Additionally, this manuscript lists briefly the other screening methods used for the initial toxicological analyses and the role of alternative in vivo methods in these scenarios, classifying them as in silico, in vitro and alternative in vivo models, the latter of which have been receiving a growing increase in interest in recent years.

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Analysis of Polysaccharide Fraction from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensisSt. Hil.) on Regeneration of Planarian (Girardia tigrina)

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints

Responses of Freshwater Planarian Girardia tigrina to Fipronil-Based Insecticide: Survival, Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints

The Role of Alternative Toxicological Trials in Drug Discovery Programs. The Case of Caenorhabditis elegans and Other Methods

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