Analysis of Polymer Latexes by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

Dingenouts, N.; Bolze, Joerg; Pötschke, D.; Ballauff, Matthias

doi:10.1007/3-540-68384-4_1

Cited by 76 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Structural information on core-shell-like systems can be accessed very effectively with scattering techniques. In particular, they can be studied in great detail using contrast-variation methods, 24 achieved most readily in the context of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), although several studies make use of light [25][26][27] or X-ray [28][29][30] http://doc.rero.ch Through contrast variation, via the variation of scattering contrast by selective isotopic substitution of protons for deuterium in SANS, small-scale structures can be discriminated. This has been amply demonstrated in the past for, e.g., polymer-coated particles, [31][32][33] self-assembled surfactant [34][35][36][37] and block copolymer [38][39][40][41] systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering on a Core−Shell Colloidal System: A Contrast-Variation Study

et al. 2005

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Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements are reported on a sterically stabilized, coreshell colloidal system using contrast variation. Aqueous dispersions of polystyrene particles bearing grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been studied over a large range of particle concentrations and two different solvent conditions for the PEG polymer. SANS data are analyzed quantitatively by modeling the particles as core-shell colloids. In a good solvent and under particle contrast conditions, an effective hard-sphere interaction captures excluded-volume interactions up to high concentrations. Contrast variation, through isotopic substitution of both the core and solvent, expedite a detailed study of the PEG layer, both in the dilute limit and as a function of the particle concentration. Upon diminishing the solvent quality, subtle changes in the PEG layer translate into attractions among particles of moderate magnitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering on a Core−Shell Colloidal System: A Contrast-Variation Study

et al. 2005

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“…In a large number of publications that have appeared during the last ten years [3][4][5] we have shown that smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [6,7] is a highly useful method for characterizing the structure and interaction of latex particles. Measurements can be performed in the laboratory with dedicated cameras that are specially designed to make the small-angle region accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering as a Tool for the Structural Analysis of Industrial Polymer Dispersions

Bolze

Ballauff

Kijlstra

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) was applied for the structural analysis of an industrial polymer dispersion in water (synthetic latex). For the preparation of the spherical latex particles under investigation, butadiene, styrene, and acrylic acid were used as monomers in a seeded emulsion polymerization process. The product is widely being used as a film‐forming agent for coatings in the paper‐making industry. It is demonstrated that by measuring the SAXS curves at different contrasts the overall particle size, mass density, polydispersity, and degree of heterogeneity can be estimated with a good accuracy, even without the necessity of a detailed fitting procedure. In particular, one obtains information about the spatial distribution of the various monomer units within the particles. Five isoscattering points could be observed in the contrast variation measurements and the scattering curves at all contrasts could be modeled with a fully consistent set of fit parameters. It is thus safe to conclude that the contrast agent sucrose does not affect the particle structure. A quantitative fitting of the experimental data set revealed that a significant amount of the poly(acrylic acid) is preferentially located in a thin shell of ca. 2 nm thickness around the core of the particles, that is mainly formed by poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene). The obtained results are fully consistent with additional measurements of the particle mass density, of the hydrodynamic particle radius by dynamic light scattering, and of the particle surface charge by potentiometric titration. It is concluded that SAXS is a highly useful tool for characterizing the structure of industrial latexes.SAXS data of a BAYSTAL® latex measured at various contrasts, the weight fraction of sucrose in the dispersion medium is given in the legend.magnified imageSAXS data of a BAYSTAL® latex measured at various contrasts, the weight fraction of sucrose in the dispersion medium is given in the legend.

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“…This is a striking feature that we have not observed in any of our previous contrast variation measurements on other polymer latexes. [2,6,8] As will be discussed in the following, we attribute this broad maximum to the semi-crystalline nature of the particles. Following the same systematic data evaluation procedure given in ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a number of publications [1][2][3] we have shown that smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [4,5] is a highly useful method for characterizing the structure and interaction of polymer latex particles. The measurement is destructionfree and can be performed in situ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown in several of our previous works that the contrast variation method allows studying the structure of colloidal particles in greater detail as compared to measurements at a single contrast. [2,6,8] So far SAXS has only been applied for characterizing latex particles that consist of amorphous polymer material. In the Summary: The inner structure of polyurethane latex particles has been studied in situ using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ Structural Characterization of Semi-Crystalline Polymer Latex Particles by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

Bolze

Ballauff

Rische

et al. 2004

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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Analysis of Polymer Latexes by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

Cited by 76 publications

References 92 publications

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering on a Core−Shell Colloidal System: A Contrast-Variation Study

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering on a Core−Shell Colloidal System: A Contrast-Variation Study

Application of Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering as a Tool for the Structural Analysis of Industrial Polymer Dispersions

In situ Structural Characterization of Semi-Crystalline Polymer Latex Particles by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

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