Analysis of Polymer Colloids by Small‐Angle X‐Ray and Neutron Scattering: Contrast Variation

Ballauff, Matthias

doi:10.1002/adem.201000303

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In particular, the use of contrast matching 5,19,42,49,99,119 or magnetic scattering 125,127,129,132 has been shown to be a valuable way to optimise experiments by highlighting structures of interest. Throughout the described examples, high importance is placed on the application of SANS alongside other scattering techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applications of SANS to polymerisable surfactants, 97 polymer colloids 5 and hydrogels 7,98 have all been reviewed very recently. In general, SANS has been used for structural characterisation of these materials, with similar data treatments to those outlined above.…”

Section: Mixing and Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on the excellent work of others, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] this perspective highlights the myriad ways in which SANS has recently been used to tackle materials science problems. Alongside this, a brief introduction to the basics of the technique is given, including an assessment of the best ways to design, enact and analyse data from SANS experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Hollamby

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

120

116

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Recent improvements in beam-line accessibility and technology have led to small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) becoming more frequently applied to materials problems. SANS has been used to study the assembly, dispersion, alignment and mixing of nanoscale condensed matter, as well as to characterise the internal structure of organic thin films, porous structures and inclusions within steel.Using time-resolved SANS, growth mechanisms in materials systems and soft matter phase transitions can also be explored. This review is intended for newcomers to SANS as well as experts. Therefore, the basic knowledge required for its use is first summarised. After this introduction, various examples are given of the types of soft and hard matter that have been studied by SANS. The information that can be extracted from the data is highlighted, alongside the methods used to obtain it. In addition to presenting the findings, explanations are provided on how the SANS measurements were optimised, such as the use of contrast variation to highlight specific parts of a structure. Emphasis is placed on the use of complementary techniques to improve data quality (e.g. using other scattering methods) and the accuracy of data analysis (e.g. using microscopy to separately determine shape and size). This is done with a view to providing guidance on how best to design and analyse future SANS measurements on materials not listed below.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mixing and Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical applications of small-angle neutron scattering

Hollamby

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

120

116

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“…As an alternative of electron microscopy, atomic force microscopic analysis is applicable for nanoparticles in aqueous medium or another solvent medium [28,[38][39][40][41]. There are several other methods available, including X-ray scattering, static light scattering, laser diffraction, neutron scattering, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, sedimentation, sieving, optical particle counting, electrozone sensing, and resistive pulse sensing [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. However, the individual methods have some disadvantages including detection limit and valid boundary condition, leading to differences even in the size of nanoparticle [28,32,33,40,43,49,50,[53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Structural Analysis of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Using Synchrotron X-ray Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering

Wong

Ngoi

et al. 2020

Polymers

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A series of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-1, PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4) in aqueous solutions were investigated in terms of morphological structure, size, and size distribution. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering analysis (SAXS) was carried out, providing morphology details, size and size distribution on the particles. PS-1, PS-2, and PS-3 were confirmed to behave two-phase (core and shell) spherical shapes, whereas PS-4 exhibited a single-phase spherical shape. They all revealed very narrow unimodal size distributions. The structural parameter details including radial density profile were determined. In addition, the presence of surfactant molecules and their assemblies were detected for all particle solutions, which could originate from their surfactant-assisted emulsion polymerizations. In addition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis was performed, finding only meaningful hydrodynamic size and intensity-weighted mean size information on the individual PS solutions because of the particles’ spherical nature. In contrast, the size distributions were extracted unrealistically too broad, and the volume- and number-weighted mean sizes were too small, therefore inappropriate to describe the particle systems. Furthermore, the DLS analysis could not detect completely the surfactant and their assemblies present in the particle solutions. Overall, the quantitative SAXS analysis confirmed that the individual PS particle systems were successfully prepared with spherical shape in a very narrow unimodal size distribution.

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“…For a more detailed determination of the shape of the particles and their internal structure, the scattering intensities I(q) were decomposed as a function of the contrast Dr. 15,[17][18][19][20] This technique allows for the determination of the particles' outer shape by its specific scattering contribution unaffected by the contribution arising from the particles inner structure (cf. ESIw).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%