Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in UK total diets

Dennis, Michael; Massey, Robert C.; McWeeny, David J.; Knowles, Michael E.; Watson, D. M. S.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(83)90142-4

Cited by 181 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0?19 mg/d) and total PAH (9?28 mg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain (13,14,17) and other European countries (3,(24)(25)(26) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

Duarte‐Salles

Mendez

Pessoa

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To estimate the dietary intake of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and to characterise factors associated with higher intake during pregnancy. Recent studies suggest that prenatal exposure to PAH is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Other than tobacco smoke and occupational exposures, diet is the main source of human PAH exposure. Design: Prospective birth cohort study. Dietary exposure to total PAH and BaP was calculated combining food consumption data and estimated PAH concentrations in foods. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences in intake among nonsmokers, passive or active smokers. Linear regression was used to assess factors related to higher intake, and associations between dietary PAH and birth weight. Maternal age, educational level and region of origin were also associated with higher BaP intake. In all women, major contributors to PAH intake were processed/ cured meats, cereals/potatoes and shellfish. Elevated first trimester dietary BaP was associated with a significant reduction in birth weight (fourth v. first quartile: b 5 2142?73 g, P value , 0?05). Conclusions: Active and passive smokers had higher dietary PAH exposure during pregnancy because of higher intake of processed meats and shellfish. As tobacco smoke is an additional route of PAH exposure, the added dietary burden in these women is of concern.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For example, our estimates of dietary BaP (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) . Such differences could be explained by disparities in dietary habits or the populations studied (all adults, adult women v. pregnant women), but may also be due to differences in the methods used to assess dietary intake or estimates of PAH concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

Duarte‐Salles

Mendez

Pessoa

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Based on a total daily consumption of 1.46 kg food and beverages, the total daily dietary load of PAHs in the UK was calculated to be 3.70 µg (Dennis et al, 1983). A similar study of the Dutch diet estimated an average daily intake of PAHs at between 5 and 17 µg/day (de Vos et al, 1990).…”

Section: Total Pahs Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs are lipophilic compounds and can be absorbed by the lung and gastrointestinal tract tissues and by the skin. Several studies have been carried out to determine the levels of exposure of humans to PAHs (Dennis et al, 1983;de Vos et al, 1990;Phillips 1999). The dietary sources of PAHs are cereals and vegetables, rather than meat, excepting populations with a high consumption of meat cooked over an open flame.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of pig fatteners and dairy cows to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cigánek¹,

Ulrich²,

Nea³

et al. 2002

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Exposure of pig fatteners and dairy cows to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by analyses of selected indoor and outdoor samples. PAH concentrations (16 U.S. EPA priority PAHs) and data on common exposure routes were used for exposure calculations.  The samples under study included water (n = 24), feed (n = 48), indoor air (n = 15), barn dust (n = 17), outdoor air (n = 6) road dust (n = 17), and soil (n = 15) collected in the summer 1999 and in the spring 2000 on 3 pig and 2 dairy cattle farms. The following mean concentrations of  16 PAHs were found: 100 ng/l in water for pigs, 38 ng/l in water for cows, 82 µg/kg in feed mixtures for pigs, 128 µg/kg in feed concentrates for cows, 278 µg/kg in forages for dairy cows, 25 ng/m3 in indoor air of pig houses, 59 ng/m3 in indoor air of  cow houses, 676 µg/kg in dust collected in pig houses, 4 475 µg/kg in dust collected in cow houses, 16 ng/m3 in outdoor air of pig houses, 29 ng/m3 in outdoor air of  cow houses, 4 711 µg/kg in road dust collected on pig farms, 15 175 µg/kg in road dust collected on cattle farms, 826 µg/kg in soil collected around pig houses, and 1 356 µg/kg in soil collected around cow houses. The total intake of  16 PAHs in the diet of cows and pigs was 14 156 µg and 164 µg PAHs per day, respectively. The exposure of cows to PAHs was 86 times higher than that of pigs. Feed was the major source of PAHs for both species (approximately 99%). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was used as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs. The mean total amount of 1-hydroxypyrene excreted per day in porcine (2 l) and bovine (13 l) urine was 14.5 µg  and 1 595 µg, respectively, which was 3.2% and 11.9% of pyrene intake.

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“…Regarding food of animal origin, one hypothesis suggests that the lipophilic character of PAHs is responsible for the accumulation in the fat of animals which eat contaminated plants (Guillen et al, 1997). PAHs occur as contaminants in different food categories and beverages including water (Belykh et al, 1999), fruit, cereals, oils (Dennis et al, 1983(Dennis et al, , 1991Moret and Conte, 2002), smoked meat (Potthast, 1977;Simko, 2002) and smoked fish (Simko, 1991;Akpan et al, 1994;Lodovici et al, 1995;Moret et al, 1999). Non-processed fish contains low PAHs concentration even when it comes from contaminated water because fishes rapidly metabolize PAHs, resulting in low steady-state level in the tissue (Moret et al, 2000;Chen and Chen, 2005;Wretling et al, 2010;Essumang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of fish smoking methods on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content and possible risks to human health

Yusuf¹,

Ezechukwu²,

Fakoya³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Food Sci.

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) for potential cancer risk. Mean hazard indexes were below 1 (below an acceptable cumulative threshold) ranging from 1.43 x 10 -6 -9.96 x 10 -8 . A significantly high accumulation of PAHs was found in the smoked fish as compared to the non-smoked fish control samples. This study indicates that there is no adverse health effect of PAHs content on consumers of smoked fish species but levels of PAHs present in smoked catfish/solefish prepared using traditional methods may pose elevated cancer risks if consumed at high consumption rates over many years.

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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in UK total diets

Cited by 181 publications

References 5 publications

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

Exposure of pig fatteners and dairy cows to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Influence of fish smoking methods on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content and possible risks to human health

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