Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in UK total diets

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables Grown in Pakistan

“…According to a food survey carried out in e Netherlands, the total dietary intake of B(a)P was 0.12-0.29 g/day; in the same study, the maximum concentrations of B(a)P in leafy vegetable and potato were 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg, respectively. An estimated value for the average human intake of B(a)P in the United Kingdom in 1979 was 0.25 g/kg, and in Italy the daily intake of B(a)P from food was 0.17 g/kg [19][20][21]. ese reported values, although older, are similar to our �ndings.…”

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables Grown in Pakistan

“…According to a food survey carried out in e Netherlands, the total dietary intake of B(a)P was 0.12-0.29 g/day; in the same study, the maximum concentrations of B(a)P in leafy vegetable and potato were 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg, respectively. An estimated value for the average human intake of B(a)P in the United Kingdom in 1979 was 0.25 g/kg, and in Italy the daily intake of B(a)P from food was 0.17 g/kg [19][20][21]. ese reported values, although older, are similar to our �ndings.…”

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0·19 μg/d) and total PAH (9·28 μg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain ( 13 , 14 , 17 ) and other European countries ( 3 , 24 – 26 ) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP intake were slightly lower than the estimates in the United Kingdom, Finland and the upper bound in the Netherlands (ranging from 0·25 to 0·29 μg/d) and higher than the estimates in France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway and previous studies from Spain (0·06–0·12 μg/d).…”

“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0?19 mg/d) and total PAH (9?28 mg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain (13,14,17) and other European countries (3,(24)(25)(26) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) .…”

“…For example, our estimates of dietary BaP intake were slightly lower than the estimates in the United Kingdom, Finland and the upper bound in the Netherlands (ranging from 0?25 to 0?29 mg/d) and higher than the estimates in France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway and previous studies from Spain (0?06-0?12 mg/d). Similarly, estimates of total PAH were lower than the upper bound in the Netherlands (17 mg/d) and slightly higher than the estimates reported in the United Kingdom, Italy, Finland and other studies from Spain (ranging from 3?00 to 8?80 mg/d) (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) . Such differences could be explained by disparities in dietary habits or the populations studied (all adults, adult women v. pregnant women), but may also be due to differences in the methods used to assess dietary intake or estimates of PAH concentrations.…”

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Selected Chemical Hazards in Cabbage and Lettuce

“…The quantity of the selected samples consumed under this study is also a pointer to how much consumers are exposed to BaP per day. Indeed, in this study, the most likely mass of the selected samples consumed was recorded as 10 g, however, the amount consumed by 50% of the consumers was reported as 20 g. This is similar to the observation that the selected vegetables under study, contributed relatively small quantities when matched with other dietary sources of BaP [56,57].…”

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables Grown in Pakistan

“…According to a food survey carried out in e Netherlands, the total dietary intake of B(a)P was 0.12-0.29 g/day; in the same study, the maximum concentrations of B(a)P in leafy vegetable and potato were 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg, respectively. An estimated value for the average human intake of B(a)P in the United Kingdom in 1979 was 0.25 g/kg, and in Italy the daily intake of B(a)P from food was 0.17 g/kg [19][20][21]. ese reported values, although older, are similar to our �ndings.…”

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0·19 μg/d) and total PAH (9·28 μg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain ( 13 , 14 , 17 ) and other European countries ( 3 , 24 – 26 ) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP intake were slightly lower than the estimates in the United Kingdom, Finland and the upper bound in the Netherlands (ranging from 0·25 to 0·29 μg/d) and higher than the estimates in France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway and previous studies from Spain (0·06–0·12 μg/d).…”

“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0?19 mg/d) and total PAH (9?28 mg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain (13,14,17) and other European countries (3,(24)(25)(26) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) .…”

“…For example, our estimates of dietary BaP intake were slightly lower than the estimates in the United Kingdom, Finland and the upper bound in the Netherlands (ranging from 0?25 to 0?29 mg/d) and higher than the estimates in France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway and previous studies from Spain (0?06-0?12 mg/d). Similarly, estimates of total PAH were lower than the upper bound in the Netherlands (17 mg/d) and slightly higher than the estimates reported in the United Kingdom, Italy, Finland and other studies from Spain (ranging from 3?00 to 8?80 mg/d) (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) . Such differences could be explained by disparities in dietary habits or the populations studied (all adults, adult women v. pregnant women), but may also be due to differences in the methods used to assess dietary intake or estimates of PAH concentrations.…”

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Selected Chemical Hazards in Cabbage and Lettuce

“…The quantity of the selected samples consumed under this study is also a pointer to how much consumers are exposed to BaP per day. Indeed, in this study, the most likely mass of the selected samples consumed was recorded as 10 g, however, the amount consumed by 50% of the consumers was reported as 20 g. This is similar to the observation that the selected vegetables under study, contributed relatively small quantities when matched with other dietary sources of BaP [56,57].…”

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables Grown in Pakistan

“…According to a food survey carried out in e Netherlands, the total dietary intake of B(a)P was 0.12-0.29 g/day; in the same study, the maximum concentrations of B(a)P in leafy vegetable and potato were 0.2 g/kg and 0.4 g/kg, respectively. An estimated value for the average human intake of B(a)P in the United Kingdom in 1979 was 0.25 g/kg, and in Italy the daily intake of B(a)P from food was 0.17 g/kg [19][20][21]. ese reported values, although older, are similar to our �ndings.…”

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher dietary intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and poor diet quality

“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0·19 μg/d) and total PAH (9·28 μg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain ( 13 , 14 , 17 ) and other European countries ( 3 , 24 – 26 ) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP intake were slightly lower than the estimates in the United Kingdom, Finland and the upper bound in the Netherlands (ranging from 0·25 to 0·29 μg/d) and higher than the estimates in France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway and previous studies from Spain (0·06–0·12 μg/d).…”

“…Estimates of daily intake of both BaP (0?19 mg/d) and total PAH (9?28 mg/d) in this population of pregnant women were in a range comparable to levels previously reported in Spain (13,14,17) and other European countries (3,(24)(25)(26) . For example, our estimates of dietary BaP (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) .…”

“…For example, our estimates of dietary BaP intake were slightly lower than the estimates in the United Kingdom, Finland and the upper bound in the Netherlands (ranging from 0?25 to 0?29 mg/d) and higher than the estimates in France, Greece, Germany, Italy, Norway and previous studies from Spain (0?06-0?12 mg/d). Similarly, estimates of total PAH were lower than the upper bound in the Netherlands (17 mg/d) and slightly higher than the estimates reported in the United Kingdom, Italy, Finland and other studies from Spain (ranging from 3?00 to 8?80 mg/d) (3,13,14,17,(24)(25)(26)(27) . Such differences could be explained by disparities in dietary habits or the populations studied (all adults, adult women v. pregnant women), but may also be due to differences in the methods used to assess dietary intake or estimates of PAH concentrations.…”

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Selected Chemical Hazards in Cabbage and Lettuce

“…The quantity of the selected samples consumed under this study is also a pointer to how much consumers are exposed to BaP per day. Indeed, in this study, the most likely mass of the selected samples consumed was recorded as 10 g, however, the amount consumed by 50% of the consumers was reported as 20 g. This is similar to the observation that the selected vegetables under study, contributed relatively small quantities when matched with other dietary sources of BaP [56,57].…”