Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lebanese surficial sediments: A focus on the regions of Tripoli, Jounieh, Dora, and Tyre

Manneh, Rima; Ghanem, Carine Abi; Khalaf, Gaby; Najjar, Elie; Khoury, Bilal El; Iaaly, Amal; Zakhem, Henri El

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.058

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…If the ratio is < 0.4 in the first case, the source is petrogenic, when it is between 0.4 and 0.5 the source is petroleum combustion, and when it is >0.5, the source is grass, wood, or coal combustion. The ratio of IDP/(IDP + BghiP) smaller than 0.2 indicates the source is petrogenic; a ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 is considered as the source of petroleum combustion, a ratio greater than 5 indicates grass, wood, or coal combustion (Manneh et al, 2016). Furthermore, the ratio of BaA/(BaA+Chry) smaller than 0.2 is generally considered as petroleum source, a ratio between 0.2 and 0.35 indicates either a petroleum or combustion source and a ratio greater than 0.35 indicates pyrolytic origin (Manneh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Persistent Organic Pollutants In Sedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio of IDP/(IDP + BghiP) smaller than 0.2 indicates the source is petrogenic; a ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 is considered as the source of petroleum combustion, a ratio greater than 5 indicates grass, wood, or coal combustion (Manneh et al, 2016). Furthermore, the ratio of BaA/(BaA+Chry) smaller than 0.2 is generally considered as petroleum source, a ratio between 0.2 and 0.35 indicates either a petroleum or combustion source and a ratio greater than 0.35 indicates pyrolytic origin (Manneh et al, 2016). In addition, Budzinski et al, (1997) propose that if the LMW/HMW ratio is smaller than 1, the source is petrogenic, when it is higher than 1, the source is pyrogenic.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Persistent Organic Pollutants In Sedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of toxic metals and organic micro-pollutants in sediments from tropical urban rivers, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

et al. 2017

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The increasing contamination of fresh water resource by toxic metals and Persistence Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a major environmental concern globally. In the present investigation, surface sediments collected from three main rivers named, Makelele, Kalamu and Nsanga, draining through the city of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, were characterized for grain size, organic matter, toxic metals, POPs (including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Furthermore, enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were performed to determine metal source and pollution status. The results highlighted high concentration of toxic metals in all sediment samples, reaching the values (mg kg) of 325 (Cu), 549 (Zn), 165 (Pb) and 1.5 (Cd). High values of PCBs and OCPs were detected in sediment samples, e.g. in Makelele river, PCB values ranged from 0.9 to 10.9 with total PCBs (∑7 PCBs × 4.3): 169.3 μg kg; OCPs from 21.6 to 146.8 with ∑OCPs: 270.6 μg kg. The PBDEs concentrations were higher in investigated rivers comparatively with values detected in many rivers from Sub-Saharan Africa. The ΣPAHs value ranged from 22.6 to 1011.9 μg kg. River contamination may be explained by local intense domestic activities, urban and agricultural runoff, industrial and hospital wastewaters discharge into the rivers without prior treatment. This research provides not only a first baseline information on the extent of contamination in this tropical ecosystem but also represents useful tools incorporated to evaluate sediment quality in the river receiving systems which can be applied to similar aquatic environments.

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Section: Spatial Distribution Of Persistent Organic Pollutants In Sedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Persistent Organic Pollutants In Sedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of toxic metals and organic micro-pollutants in sediments from tropical urban rivers, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

et al. 2017

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“…Using the ratio between the concentration of Fluo/(Fluo + Pyr) or IDP (IDP + BghiP), it is possible to determine if PAHs are from petrogenic or pyrogenic origin. In the first case, if the ratio is <0.4, the source is petrogenic, in the second case, when it is between 0.4 and 0.5 the source is associated with petroleum combustion, and when it is >0.5, the source is grass, wood, or coal combustion ( Yunker et al, 2002 ; Manneh et al, 2016 ). According to Manneh et al (2016) , the ratio of IDP/(IDP + BghiP) < 0.2 represents the source is petrogenic; a ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 is considered as the source of petroleum combustion; a ratio greater than 0.5 indicates grass, wood, or coal combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first case, if the ratio is <0.4, the source is petrogenic, in the second case, when it is between 0.4 and 0.5 the source is associated with petroleum combustion, and when it is >0.5, the source is grass, wood, or coal combustion ( Yunker et al, 2002 ; Manneh et al, 2016 ). According to Manneh et al (2016) , the ratio of IDP/(IDP + BghiP) < 0.2 represents the source is petrogenic; a ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 is considered as the source of petroleum combustion; a ratio greater than 0.5 indicates grass, wood, or coal combustion. In addition, the ratio of BaA/(BaA + Chry) smaller than 0.2 or 0.35 indicates either a petroleum or combustion source and a ratio greater than 0.35 indicates pyrolytic origin ( Manneh et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Manneh et al (2016) , the ratio of IDP/(IDP + BghiP) < 0.2 represents the source is petrogenic; a ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 is considered as the source of petroleum combustion; a ratio greater than 0.5 indicates grass, wood, or coal combustion. In addition, the ratio of BaA/(BaA + Chry) smaller than 0.2 or 0.35 indicates either a petroleum or combustion source and a ratio greater than 0.35 indicates pyrolytic origin ( Manneh et al, 2016 ). Furthermore, according to Budzinski et al (1997) , if a ratio of Phen/Anth > 10 the source is petrogenic, otherwise, if the Phen/Anth < 10 the source is pyrolytic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of organic micropollutants and human health risk assessment based on consumption of Amaranthus viridis, Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ngweme

Salah

Laffite

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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The contamination of water resource and food chain by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) constitutes a major environmental and human health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of POPs in irrigation water, soil and in Amaranthus viridis ( A. viridis ) from different gardening sites in Kinshasa to evaluate the potential environmental and human health risks. A survey study for the use of pesticides and fertilizers was carried out with 740 market gardeners. The levels of POPs (including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) were analyzed in irrigation water and 144 vegetable samples collected from different gardening sites. The assessment of potential human health risk was estimated by calculating daily intake and toxic equivalency to quantify the carcinogenicity. The results show highest PAH levels in A. viridis from all studied sites. The concentrations of the sum of seven PCBs (Σ7PCB S ) congeners in analyzed plants ranged between 15.89 and 401.36 ng g −1 . The distributions of OCPs in both water and A. viridis were congener specific, chlorpyrifos-ethyl and p,p′-DDE were predominantly detected. Among PBDEs, only BDE47 was quantified with noticeable concentration in A. viridis , while no PBDEs were detected in irrigation water. Higher estimated daily intake values indicate that consuming leafy vegetables might associate with increased human health risks. However, calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk values indicates no potential carcinogenic risk for the local population. The results of this study provide important information on A. viridis contamination by POPs and strongly recommend implementing the appropriate measures to control the use of chemicals used in studied gardening areas. Thus in Kinshasa, urban agriculture control programs for POPs and fertilizers is very important in order to protect the public health through direct and dietary exposure pathways.

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Seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of a marine resource hot spot: the case of pars special economic energy zone, Iran

Manesh

Haghshenas

Mirzaei

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Lebanese surficial sediments: A focus on the regions of Tripoli, Jounieh, Dora, and Tyre

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Accumulation of toxic metals and organic micro-pollutants in sediments from tropical urban rivers, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Accumulation of toxic metals and organic micro-pollutants in sediments from tropical urban rivers, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Occurrence of organic micropollutants and human health risk assessment based on consumption of Amaranthus viridis, Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of a marine resource hot spot: the case of pars special economic energy zone, Iran

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