Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by glass capillary gas chromatography

Ballschmiter, Karlheinz; Zell, Manfred

doi:10.1007/bf00469758

Cited by 1,384 publications

(423 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The single compound that dominated ⌺OC was ppЈ-DDE, which accounted for 27.2" 5.2%, followed 47,52,66,74,87,99,101,105,110,118,128,136,137,138,141,149,151,153,Ž 156,157,170,180,183,187,194,. bering according to Ballscmither and Zell, 1980 . e ⌺OC contains HCB, dieldrin, ⌺HCH, ⌺Chl, ⌺DDT and ⌺PCB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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Ž. Blubber was collected from live-captured, adult male white whales Delphinapterus leucas from Svalbard, Norway, Ž . and analysed for levels and patterns of organochlorine OC contaminants. The OC compounds analysed were HCB, Ž . Ž dieldrin, ⌺HCH ␣-HCH, ␤-HCH and ␥-HCH , ⌺Chl heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-non-. Ž . Ž . achlor, and cis-nonachlor , ⌺DDT ppЈ-DDT, ppЈ-DDE and ppЈ-DDD and ⌺PCB 27 PCB congeners . The major Ž . Ž . OC compounds detected in the blubber were ⌺PCB 5103 " 1874 ngrg l.w. and ⌺DDT 5108 " 1089 ngrg l.w. , Ž . which made up 70% of the ⌺OC. These compounds were followed in prevalence by ⌺Chl 2872 " 1177 ngrg l.w. , which contributed 20% of the ⌺OC burden. ⌺HCH, HCB and dieldrin were present, but at low concentrations. This OC pattern is typical of top predators in Arctic marine food chains. OC levels in white whales from Svalbard are lower than white whales from the St Lawrence River in Canada and are generally similar to values reported previously for other Arctic white whale stocks. Some geographic patterns in relative prevalence of various OC compounds appear to be quite consistent among various marine mammal species in the Arctic. PCB and DDT concentrations in Svalbard's white whales are below the levels that are thought to have negative effects on reproduction or the immune system. ᮊ

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Kovacs

Lydersen

et al. 2001

Science of The Total Environment

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“…For measurement, 1 lL of purified extract was injected by an HP 5890 autosampler. The PAHs naphthalene (NAPH), acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACE), fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLA), pyrene (PYR), benzo(a)anthracene (BAA), chrysene + triphenylene (CT), benzo(b+j+k)flouranthene (BBJK), benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), benzo(e)pyrene (BEP), perylene (PER), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IND), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBAH) and benzo(ghi)perylene (BGHI), as well as PCB congeners 8, 20, 28, 35, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180, 206, 209 (nos. according to Ballschmiter and Zell, 1980) were identified with a coupled HP 5971 A mass spectrometer using selected ion monitoring (SIM). The following temperature programmes were used: PAHs -4 min at 85°C, 15°C min À1 to 150°C (held 1.5 min), to 300°C at 5°C min À1 (held 4 min); PCBs -2.7 min at 120°C, 10°C min À1 to 190°C (held 2 min), to 250°C at 9°C min À1 (held 1 min), to 300°C at 14°C min À1 (held 10 min).…”

Section: Pah and Pcb Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sum of 6 indicator congeners (28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) proposed by Ballschmiter and Zell (1980) and the sum of 7 EU indicator congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180;Motelay-Massei et al, 2004) were also calculated. Some locations show both high PAH and PCB concentrations and can be regarded as ''hot spots''.…”

Section: Pah and Pcb Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu, Nepal

Aichner

Glaser

Zech

2007

Organic Geochemistry

123

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Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, faces increasing environmental problems such as heavy air pollution and lack of proper waste management. The aim of this study was to examine if the soils are also affected by pollution, with the focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The sum of 20 PAHs in surface soils ranged between 184 and 10279 lg kg À1 . The most abundant PAHs were perylene (14.6%), benzo(b+j+k)flouranthene (10.7%), naphthalene (10.7%) and phenanthrene (9.8%), with perylene concentrations varying strongly. The significantly more positive d 13 C values of perylene in samples with elevated concentrations indicate biological production, possibly by anaerobic degradation of perylene quinones. PAH ratios also indicate the influence of petrogenic PAH sources, especially at petrol stations and some street samples. The sum of 12 PCBs ranged from 356 to 44710 ng kg À1 . The most abundant were congeners 52 (19.4%), 101 (14.3%), 118 (13.4%) and 138 (11.7%). The low PCB concentrations and pattern were interpreted as a diffuse background contamination being the main PCB source in the urban soils. Indications for recent contamination were found in river sediments from the inner city, as well as in industrial and street samples. Classified by land use, the samples taken from the gutter contained the highest PAH and PCB concentrations as a result of accumulation. The lowest values were found in surface soils from Swayambunath (a park) and a garden area. A gradual decrease in concentration with depth was present for both compound classes in the profiles sampled at Swayambunath. No trend was visible in the garden profiles as a result of soil disturbance of the soil by agricultural treatment. Enhanced microbial degradation and volatilization in the warm/humid monsoon climate is probably the main cause for low pollutant concentrations. Increased photodegradation and the short accumulation period might be other important factors. Concerning its state of soil pollution, Kathmandu fits rather well into a global distribution pattern of persistent organic pollutants, with high concentrations in temperate (higher latitude) regions and very low ones in the tropics (lower latitude regions) due to global distillation.

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“…The PCB congeners were numbered according to the convention of Ballschmiter and Zell (1980) and as subsequently revised by Ballschmiter et al (1992). A stock solution of 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 030, Ultra Scienti®c) was prepared in isooctane as the surrogate congener used for GC determinations.…”

Section: Materials and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) – measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected US fish extracts

et al. 2000

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Robert O., "Comparison of an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) -measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected US fish extracts" (1999). USGS Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) ± measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) AbstractThe analysis of PCBs in ®sh tissues by immunoassay methods was evaluated using ®sh collected from a US monitoring program, the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program of the US Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Selected composite whole ®sh samples, which represented widely varying concentrations and sources of PCBs, were extracted and subjected to congener PCB analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and total PCB analysis using an ELISA (ePCBs) calibrated against technical Aroclor 1248. PCB congener patterns in these ®shes were di erent from the patterns found in commercial Aroclors or their combinations as demonstrated by principal component analysis of normalized GC congener data. The sum of the PCB congeners measured by GC (total-PCBs) ranged from 37 to 4600 ng/g (wet weight). Concentrations of PCBs as determined by the ELISA method were positively correlated with total-PCBs and the ePCBs/total-PCBs ratios for individual samples ranged from 1 to 6. Ratios of ePCBs/totalPCBs for dilutions of Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 and for matrix spikes range from 0.6 for 1242 to 2.5 for 1254 and 1260. These results suggest that higher chlorinated PCB congeners have higher a nity for the anti-PCB antibodies. Partial least squares with latent variable analysis of GC and ELISA data of selected Aroclors and ®sh samples also support the conclusion that ELISA derived PCB concentrations are dependent on the degree of chlorination. Ó

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Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by glass capillary gas chromatography

Cited by 1,384 publications

References 26 publications

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Concentrations and patterns of organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu, Nepal

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to gas chromatography (GC) – measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected US fish extracts

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