Analysis of Polyamines, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid and their Conjugated Forms in Floral Organs of Hibiscus syriacus L.

Abstract

A convenient method was devised for the fractionation of aliphatic polyamines (PAs), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and their conjugated forms using a cation exchange resin, and applied to the floral organs of Hibiscus syriacus L. 'Diana'. A batch-wise use of the cation exchange resin to the acid extracts of the Hibiscus flower effectively separated the ACC-conjugate from free ACC, free PAs, and PA-conjugates. Good recovery rates, showing over 90% for PAs and 76-97% for ACC, were obtained when known amounts of ACC and PAs were added to the tissue extract. The amounts of these cellular compounds were determined in the petal, sepal, ovary, and style with stigma (+ stamen) collected at two different stages (flower opening and flower senescence showing complete petal in-rolling). Both ACC and ACC-conjugate, which are generally associated with tissue senescence, were consistently detected in all organs even immediately after flower opening, but their concentrations, especially that of the ACC-conjugate in the ovary, greatly increased in the senescent flowers. As regards the free PA levels, a high concentration of spermidine was found in the ovary, and its level was maintained even when the petals wilted. PA-conjugates bound to small molecules decreased in the ovaries of senescent flowers, while the PA-conjugates bound to macromolecules remained very low in all organs at the two different flower stages. The present method seems applicable to a quantitative analysis of these physiologically important compounds in a variety of plant tissues, despite the fact that their extracts contain highly viscous materials that generally reduce the recovery rate of ACC.

Endogenous levels of polyamines during cold storage of bird-ofparadise treated with biocides

“…PAs function as stress messengers in plant responses to different stress and play a important role on plant tolerance (GUPTA et al, 2013). Changes in PAs and ethylene levels were observed during senescence in plum (DE DIOS et al, 2006) and Hibiscus syriacus (SEO et al, 2007), and there is metabolic competition between ethylene and PAs under a biotic or abiotic high stress conditions (LI et al, 2004).…”

The miR156/SPL12 module orchestrates fruit colour change through directly regulating ethylene production pathway in blueberry

“…Peels from control (CK), transiently VcSPL12 ‐overexpressing, and silencing fruits were collected and ground in liquid nitrogen. ACC extraction was carried out according to the method described previously (Seo et al ., 2007 ). ACC standard products with different concentrations (0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ng/mL) were utilized to create a standard curve.…”

Polyamines, peroxidase and proteins involved in the senescence process

“…The PAs inhibit the ethylene production by regulating the activity of synthase and oxidase of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) (Lee et al, 1997), while ethylene alters the PAs formation by reducing the arginine decarboxylase activity (ADC) and SAM decarboxylase (SAMDC) (Roustam et al, 1994). Changes in PAs levels and ethylene during senescence have been reported in some plants such as plum (de Dios et al, 2006) and Hibiscus syriacus L. (Seo et al, 2007). Li and Wang (2004) observed that between ethylene and polyamines, there is metabolic competition only under high stress conditions.…”