Analysis of Point-of-Use Energy Return on Investment and Net Energy Yields from China’s Conventional Fossil Fuels

Feng, Liu; Wang, Jianliang

doi:10.3390/en11020313

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There are a range of resources and products in the oil industry, so to limit spurious comparisons, this review was limited to conventional and shale oil production, inclusive of both on-shore and off-shore production [23,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Studies that calculated oil and gas EROI together were excluded since the individual values could not be separated, e.g., Brockway et al [28].…”

Section: Literature On Eroi Of Thermal Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Return on Investment of Major Energy Carriers: Review and Harmonization

et al. 2022

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Net energy, that is, the energy remaining after accounting for the energy “cost” of extraction and processing, is the “profit” energy used to support modern society. Energy Return on Investment (EROI) is a popular metric to assess the profitability of energy extraction processes, with EROI > 1 indicating that more energy is delivered to society than is used in the extraction process. Over the past decade, EROI analysis in particular has grown in popularity, resulting in an increase in publications in recent years. The lack of methodological consistency, however, among these papers has led to a situation where inappropriate comparisons are being made across technologies. In this paper we provide both a literature review and harmonization of EROI values to provide accurate comparisons of EROIs across both thermal fuels and electricity producing technologies. Most importantly, the authors advocate for the use of point-of-use EROIs rather than point-of-extraction EROIs as the energy “cost” of the processes to get most thermal fuels from extraction to point of use drastically lowers their EROI. The main results indicate that PV, wind and hydropower have EROIs at or above ten while the EROIs for thermal fuels vary significantly, with that for petroleum oil notably below ten.

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Section: Literature On Eroi Of Thermal Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten papers made estimates of the EROI of natural gas. Estimates from both conventional and shale gas were included in this analysis [14,27,28,39,[41][42][43]46,48,49].…”

Section: Literature On Eroi Of Thermal Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Return on Investment of Major Energy Carriers: Review and Harmonization

et al. 2022

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“…The Net Energy Yield (NEY) represents the difference between the energy resource harvested and usable for society (over its life-time) and the energy required to extract and provide this energy [45]. Similarly, the EROI is the ratio of the amount of energy harvested to the total amount of energy required to provide it [46].…”

Section: Net Energy Yield (Ney) and Energy Returned On (Energy) Invesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where, Ed (Wh or J) represents the energy returned to society, Er (Wh or J) is the direct and indirect energy required to provide Ed (extract, deliver and transform and use depending on the limits of the study). There are several definitions of the EROI depending on the set boundaries of the system [45,46,49]:…”

Section: Eroi = E D E Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of competitiveness indicators for energy projects

Colla

Ιωάννου

Falcone

2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The decarbonisation of the electricity sector can be a key contributor in the transition to sustainable energy systems. New low-carbon power production technologies are becoming available in the international market, contributing to building diversified portfolios of projects with very different features. Apart from technology-related features, the deployment of a power generation plant also depends on the availability of resources of the country/installation site, socioeconomic implications, environmental impact and integration with the existing power grid. Decision makers should take all these factors into consideration when determining which project is more likely to move forward. Several studies have proposed the use of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to facilitate the decision-making process when selecting viable and sustainable energy projects. However, fewer studies exist that provide a detailed assessment of these KPIs. The scope of this paper is to critically review and investigate a set of multidisciplinary KPIs, allowing a holistic comparison across different types of energy projects. The identified KPIs were classified as physical, economic, environmental and social. They were then analysed to assess their limitations, determine inter-connections and identify the need for additional indicators to capture risks and opportunities within a mixed energy market. This paper can be the basis for the development of an integrated framework, allowing a fairer assessment of competing energy projects by relevant stakeholders.

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“…The ratio of returned energy output to invested energy input, as described by Equation (1), is commonly referred to as the Energy Return on Investment (EROI), a parameter that has been applied to a wide number of energy-related industries. Concerning the oil and gas industry, there have been numerous EROI studies covering a wide range of boundaries, such as for global production, for country level production, and for specific fields [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle Energy Accounting of Three Small Offshore Oil Fields

Grassian

Olsen

2019

Energies

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Small oil fields are expected to play an increasingly prominent role in the delivery of global crude oil production. As such, the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) parameter for three small offshore fields are investigated following a well-documented methodology, which is comprised of a "bottom-up" estimate for lifting and drilling energy and a "top-down" estimate for construction energy. EROI is the useable energy output divided by the applied energy input, and in this research, subscripts for "lifting", "drilling", and "construction" are used to differentiate the types of input energies accounted for in the EROI ratio. The EROI Lifting time series data for all three fields exhibits a decreasing trend with values that range from more than 300 during early life to less than 50 during latter years. The EROI Lifting parameter appears to follow an exponentially decreasing trend, rather than a linear trend, which is aligned with an exponential decline of production. EROI Lifting is also found to be inversely proportional to the lifting costs, as calculated in USD/barrel of crude oil. Lifting costs are found to range from 0.5 dollars per barrel to 4.5 dollars per barrel. The impact of utilizing produced gas is clearly beneficial and can lead to a reduction of lifting costs by as much as 50% when dual fuel generators are employed, and more than 90% when gas driven generators are utilized. Drilling energy is found to decrease as the field ages, due to a reduction in drilling intensity after the initial production wells are drilled. The drilling energy as a percentage of the yearly energy applied is found to range from 3% to 8%. As such, the EROI Lifting+Drilling value for all three fields approaches EROI Lifting as the field life progresses and the drilling intensity decreases. The construction energy is found to range from 25% to 63% of the total applied energy over the life of the field.

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Analysis of Point-of-Use Energy Return on Investment and Net Energy Yields from China’s Conventional Fossil Fuels

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Energy Return on Investment of Major Energy Carriers: Review and Harmonization

Energy Return on Investment of Major Energy Carriers: Review and Harmonization

Critical review of competitiveness indicators for energy projects

Lifecycle Energy Accounting of Three Small Offshore Oil Fields

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