Analysis of phytochelatin-cadmium complexes from plant tissue culture using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Yen, Ten‐Yang; Villa, J. A.; DeWitt, Jane G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199909)34:9<930::aid-jms853>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 69 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is thus clear that PCs accumulation is not the primary mechanism for Cd tolerance. Even as described by Yen et al (1999), it is the formation of stable complexes that is important for metal tolerance rather than the ability to synthesize PCs. However, leaf PCs accumulation by R. globosa was much greater than that by R. islandica, which is consistent with higher Cd accumulation in leaves of R. globosa than that of R. islandica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation

2010

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Characteristics of cadmium (Cd) accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation were further investigated and compared with a closely related species, Rorippa islandica. The results showed that there was no phytotoxicity for R. globosa leaves or reduction in biomass when treated with 25 lg Cd g -1 , although the concentration of Cd accumulated in the leaves was up to 218.9 lg Cd g -1 dry weight (DW). On the contrary, Cd toxicity was observed in R. islandica leaves by way of determining changes in fresh weight (FW), malondialdehyde (MDA) level and chlorophyll content while treated with 25 lg Cd g -1 DW. R. globosa had stronger self-protection ability than R. islandica to adapt to oxidative stress caused by Cd. Application of Cd significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves, the activity of peroxidase (POD) in roots, and the activity of catalase (CAT) in leaves and roots of R. globosa. By contrast, in R. islandica, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was inhibited or unchanged by various Cd treatments. However, R. globosa leaves had higher activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and POD than that of R. islandica. The antioxidative defense systems in R. globosa might play an important role in Cd tolerance. The Cd treatments significantly induced the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) in the two species. Leaf PCs and Cd accumulation by R. globosa were much greater than those by R. islandica, but root PCs and Cd accumulation by R. islandica were much greater than those by R. globosa, suggesting that PCs in leaves may be a biomarker of Cd hyperaccumulation, and the synthesis of PCs may be related to an increase in the uptake of Cd ions into the cytoplasm, not the primary mechanism for Cd tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation

2010

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“…In other cases, such as S. vulgaris, the PCs seem to have a negative influence on the metal tolerance, as the PC production depletes the GSH in the cell, needed for protection against free radicals generated by the metal toxicity (Ric De Voss et al 1992). Studies on Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive lines of the plant Datura innoxia, also known as Jimsonweed, show that both lines accumulate similar levels of PC-Cd complexes and synthesize similar amounts of PCs at similar rates, but the onset of synthesis of the PC-Cd complexes is more rapid in the metaltolerant plant line than in the metal-sensitive line (Yen et al 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and translocation of Cd metal and the Cd-induced production of glutathione and phytochelatins in Vicia faba L.

et al. 2010

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Translocation of cadmium (Cd) in the tissues of Vicia faba, the water content in biomass, the biomass production, and the glutathione and phytochelatin tissue concentrations were studied and correlated with the plant sensitivity and/or tolerance to Cd. The total concentrations of Cd were determined by inductively coupled plasma/ mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins 2 and 3 (PC2 and PC3) were determined by on-line high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) in the roots and leaves of the sensitive and the tolerant cultivars of V. faba grown in Cd containing nutrient solutions (NS, 0-100 lmol l -1 Cd 2? ). Both the cultivars of V. faba accumulate a major portion of Cd in the roots and only a minor part of ca. 4% in the leaves. The differences between the cultivars concerning Cd accumulation in leaves were apparent from higher Cd concentrations in NS and the Cd amount in the sensitive cultivar was approximately twice as high. In the roots, the differences between the cultivars in the Cd accumulation were only statistically significant with the highest Cd concentrations in NS, with the tolerant cultivar accumulating about 16% more of Cd compared to the sensitive one. The biomass production of the sensitive cultivar decreased approximately twice as fast with increasing Cd concentration in NS. The biomass water content decreased with increasing Cd concentration in NS in both the cultivars. In general, the GSH concentration did not linearly correlate with Cd accumulation, except for the roots of the sensitive cultivar where it was independent, and was higher in the sensitive cultivar than in the tolerant one in both the leaves and roots. The GSH concentration in leaves was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that in the roots for both the cultivars. The relationships between the PC and Cd concentrations in tissues were found nonlinear. At lower Cd accumulation levels, the PC concentrations followed an increase in the Cd accumulation in both the roots and leaves, whereas at higher Cd accumulations the relations differed between roots and leaves. In the roots, the PC concentrations decreased with increasing Cd accumulation, whereas the PC concentration in the leaves followed the decrease in the Cd accumulation.

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“…Some have also employed electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for characterization [22][23][24]. However, the current separation schemes often yield inadequate resolution to separate individual cadmium-phytochelatin complexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An HPLC-ICP-MS technique for determination of cadmium–phytochelatins in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana

Sadi

Vonderheide

Gong

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography B

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A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed to separate cadmium-phytochelatin complexes (Cd-PC 2 , Cd-PC 3 , and Cd-PC 4 ) of interest in the plant Arapidopsis thaliana. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) system with some modification to the interface. This was done in order to sustain the plasma with optimum sensitivity for cadmium detection in the presence of the high methanol loads used in the gradient elution of the reversedphase separation. The detection limits were found to be 91.8 ng l −1 , 77.2 ng l −1 and 49.2 ng l −1 for Cd-PC 2 , Cd-PC 3 , and Cd-PC 4 respectively. The regression coefficients (r 2 ) for Cd-PC 2 to Cd-PC 4 detection ranged from 0.998 to 0.999. The method was then used to investigate the occurrence and effect of cadmium-phytochelatin complexes in wild-type Arabidopsis and a phytochelatin-deficient mutant cad1-3 that had been genetically modified to ectopically express the wheat TaPCS1 phytochelatin synthase enzyme. The primary complex found in both wild-type and transgenic plants was Cd-PC 2 . In both lines, higher levels of Cd-PC 2 were found in shoots than in roots, showing that phytochelatin synthases contribute to the accumulation of cadmium in shoots, in the Cd-PC 2 form. Genetic modification did, however, impact the overall accumulation of Cd. Transgenic plants contained almost two times more cadmium in the form of Cd-PC 2 in their roots than did the corresponding wild-type plants. Similarly, the shoot samples of the modified species also contained more (by 1.6 times) cadmium in the form of Cd-PC 2 than the wild type. The enhanced role of PC 2 in the transgenic Arabidopsis correlates with data showing long-distance transport of Cd in transgenic plants. Targeted transgenic expression of non-native phytochelatin synthases may contribute to improving the efficiency of plants for phytoremediation.

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Analysis of phytochelatin-cadmium complexes from plant tissue culture using nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 69 publications

References 26 publications

Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation

Characteristics of cadmium accumulation and tolerance in Rorippa globosa (Turcz.) Thell., a species with some characteristics of cadmium hyperaccumulation

Accumulation and translocation of Cd metal and the Cd-induced production of glutathione and phytochelatins in Vicia faba L.

An HPLC-ICP-MS technique for determination of cadmium–phytochelatins in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana

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