Analysis of Physiological Status in Response to Water Deficit of Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) Cultivars in Reference to Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare)

Abstract

Climate change, including decreasing rainfall, makes cultivating cereals more difficult. Drought stress reduces plant growth and most all yields. On the other hand, consumers’ interest in ancient wheat varieties, including spelt, is growing. The aim of this work is to compare the response to drought stress between spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare). Six cultivars of spelt from different European countries and common wheat ‘Bogatka’ as a reference were chosen for research. The photosynthesis process, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, and the content of free proline and anthocyanins in well-watered and drought-stressed plants were measured. It was shown that the spelt cultivars ‘Franckenkorn’ and ‘Badengold’ were much more resistant to water deficit than other cultivars and even common wheat. A slight reduction of CO2 assimilation (by 27%) and no reduction of transpiration rate, with simultaneous intensive proline (eighteen times fold increase) and anthocyanins accumulation (increase by 222%) along with a slight increase in lipid peroxidation level (1.9%) revealed in ‘Franckenkorn’ prove that this cultivar can cope with drought and can be effectively cultivated in areas with limited water abundance.

Hermetia illucens frass improves the physiological state of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and its nutritional value under drought

“…Drought significantly decreased the values of both Yield and ETR ( Fig 1 ). We also note a decrease in the value of both of these parameters due to drought in our previous studies of other plants [ 36 , 49 , 54 ]. Photosynthesis efficiency in barley [ 55 ] showed only a slight reduction in A, E, and Gs due to drought, which likely reduced the demand for ATP and NADPH, and also reduced Yield and ETR.…”

“…The parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence are subject to various modifications depending on the type, duration and intensity of stress. These parameters make it possible to detect changes in PSII functioning that result from the stress experienced by the plants before any visible symptoms of damage manifest themselves [ 49 ]. Factorial single- and two-way ANOVA analysis provided information on the significant impacts of the water regime, fertilization conditions, and combination thereof ( S1 Table ).…”

Response of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Selected Biostimulants under Drought Conditions

“…The LCpro-SD instrument settings were matched to the experiment according to the manufacturer's instructions [24]. The air flow to the measuring chamber (u) was kept at 200 µmol s −1 .…”

“…The F0 of the dark-adapted leaf allows for the assessment of the loss of excitation energy during the energy transfer to the PSII [33]. Higher values of F0 under drought in the non-treated control plants may indicate a lower efficiency of their excitation energy transfer between the photosynthetic reaction centers [24]. Under drought, the significantly lowest minimal fluorescence values were noted for the bacterial preparations 'Bacillus velezensis' and 'BaktoKompleks', which indicated the lowest excitation energy losses in energy antennas in these objects.…”

Comparative Field Studies of Biochemical and Agro-physiological Parametersin semi-arid zone with rainfall Moroccan climate Of Durum wheat

“…Similar ndings were observed in wheat subject to water de cit (Pour-Aboughadareh, et al, 2019;Arjenaki, et al, 2012). This suggests that stomatal closure with reduced photosynthesis are common plant reactions to drought(Radzikowska, et al, 2022;Pamungkas, et al, 2022). whose variation in photosynthesis may be ascribed to changes in relative water content, chlorophyll content, leaf area and leaf temperature(Khayatnezhad, et al, 2021;Balfagón, et al, 2020;Sattar, et al, 2019;Khakwani, et al, 2013).…”