Analysis of Physiological Gait Pattern in Children Without the Influence of Footwear

Pomarino, David; Llamas, Juliana Ramírez; Pomarino, Andrea

doi:10.1177/1938640016666914

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Previous studies reported that children habitually barefoot had longer, wider feet and higher arches than children habitually shod [6,[9][10][11]59,60]. Additionally, there was also a link between shoe-wearing age and the incidence of flat feet, with individuals starting shoe-wearing earlier in childhood presenting lower arch heights and higher percentage of flatfoot [61][62][63]. These studies provide more confirmation that regions, ethnicities, climate, and shoe habits will affect children's foot development [9][10][11]29,[57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Children's Footwear Effect On Footsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Understanding the Role of Children’s Footwear on Children’s Feet and Gait Development: A Systematic Scoping Review

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Children’s footwear plays an important role in the healthy growth of foot and gait development during the growing stage. This review aims to synthesize findings of previous investigations and to explore the biomechanical influences of different types of children’s footwear on foot health and gait development, thus guiding the healthy and safe growth of children’s feet and gait. Online databases were searched for potential eligible articles, including Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In total, nineteen articles were identified after searching based on the inclusion requirements. The following five aspects of biomechanical parameters were identified in the literature, including spatiotemporal, kinematics, kinetics, electromyography (EMG), and plantar pressure distribution. Children’s footwear can affect their foot health and gait performance. In addition, children’s shoes with different flexibility and sole hardness have different effects on children’s feet and gait development. Compared to barefoot, the stride length, step length, stride time, and step time were increased, but cadence was decreased with wearing shoes. Furthermore, the support base and toe-off time increased. Double support time and stance time increased, but single support time decreased. The hip, knee, and ankle joints showed increased range of motion in children with the rear-foot strike with larger ground reaction force as well. Future studies may need to evaluate the influence of footwear types on gait performance of children in different age groups. Findings in this study may provide recommendations for suitable footwear types for different ages, achieving the aim of growth and development in a healthy and safe manner.

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Section: Children's Footwear Effect On Footsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Studies found that there are gait changes between children aged 6-7 years and children aged 10-11 years. After 11 years old, gait becomes stable, showing similarity to adults [63]. An updated literature review study may assist in determining the effect of footwear on all facets of children's gait.…”

Section: Children's Footwear Effect On Gaitmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding the Role of Children’s Footwear on Children’s Feet and Gait Development: A Systematic Scoping Review

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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“…The methods used in children’s footwear research both in their design and to explore their effects on the child mainly consisted of biomechanical and anthropometric studies, with a minority of studies considering the physiological and psychosocial effects. In consideration of typical development a number of biomechanical studies now exist which compare barefoot and shod conditions on children’s gait and other motor tasks [6, 12, 49, 158, 159]. The majority of these biomechanical studies were carried out in children of primary school age compared to the other age groupings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key concepts in children's footwear research: a scoping review focusing on therapeutic footwear

Hill

Healy

Chockalingam

2019

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background Reports suggest that children with mobility impairment represent a significant proportion of the population living with a disability. Footwear is considered to be the key extrinsic factor affecting children’s gait and footwear modifications have been historically postulated to assist with locomotory difficulty. Although therapeutic footwear has been considered within the literature, there is a lack of consistency on terminology and paucity on the overall understanding. A scoping review was performed to chart the key concepts in children’s footwear and to establish the range of studies that considered therapeutic footwear. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTdiscus, and Scopus electronic databases was performed using MeSH headings and free text terms in relation to children’s footwear. All studies that used footwear as an intervention in children aged 9 months to 18 years with the outcome measures including design, fit, and the effects on development and health were included. Studies were charted by textual narrative synthesis into research groupings dependent on the topics discussed and the methods used in the studies. Results The search yielded a total of 5006 articles with 287 of these articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Two overarching areas of research were identified; articles that discussed footwear design and those that discussed the effects of footwear. Eight further general groupings were charted and apportioned between the overarching areas and therapeutic footwear was charted into three subgroupings (corrective, accommodative and functional). Conclusion Children’s footwear has become an increasing area of research in the past decade with a shift towards more empirical research, with most of the included articles examining biomechanical and anthropometric aspects. However, children’s therapeutic footwear has not shared the same recent impetus with no focused review and limited research exploring its effects. Empirical research in this area is limited and there is ambiguity in the terminology used to describe therapeutic footwear. Based on the findings of this review the authors suggest the term children’s therapeutic footwear be used as the standard definition for footwear that is designed specifically with the purpose to support or alleviate mobility impairment in childhood; with subgroupings of corrective, accommodative and functional dependent on the intended therapeutic role. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13047-019-0336-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The purchase of children's footwear is a common source of angst for parents and caregivers [5], with ill-fitting and poor choice of footwear often cited as the basis of foot-related issues as adults [6]. This angst can be heightened when children present with disability or developmental concerns, where specific footwear features may assist in achieving, improving or maintaining ambulation [7][8][9][10]. The lack of consistency in descriptors of footwear types and features can stymie both health professionals and parents as it is typically dependant on the individual retail centre to interpret prescribed or recommended inclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Physiological Gait Pattern in Children Without the Influence of Footwear

Abstract: Diagnostic, Level IV: Case series.

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Understanding the Role of Children’s Footwear on Children’s Feet and Gait Development: A Systematic Scoping Review

Understanding the Role of Children’s Footwear on Children’s Feet and Gait Development: A Systematic Scoping Review

Key concepts in children's footwear research: a scoping review focusing on therapeutic footwear

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