Analysis of Phthalate and Priority Phenols from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Cape Town, South Africa

Olujimi, Olanrewaju Olusoji; Fatoki, Olalekan S; Odendaal, James P

doi:10.15626/eco-tech.2010.011

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The extraction procedure for the phenolics was done following the method previously described by ( Olujimi et al, 2011 ). The Sulpeco C18-E cartridges were conditioned with 8.5 mL n -hexane: acetone (50:50 v/v), 8.5 mL methanol, and 15 mL Milli-Q water, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Mhlongo,

Akharame,

Pereao

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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Phenolic pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities pose a major threat to the world’s potable water supply. The persistent micro-pollutants often find their way into drinking water sources with possible adverse human health implications. In this study, bottled water, tap water, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent samples from the Boland region of the Western Cape, South Africa were assessed to determine 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) levels using HPLC/DAD instrumentation. The selected area is known for its vast agricultural ventures and wineries. Evaluation of the human health risk (cancer risk) for the pollutants was conducted using the hazard quotient (HQ). The Ames mutagenicity test was also conducted using the Salmonella typhimurium T98 and T100 strains and the S9 activation enzyme. Trace levels of the phenolics were detected in the samples with a range of 9.32 × 10−7—1.15 × 10−4 mg/L obtained for 4-CP, and 8.80 × 10−7—1.72 × 10−4 mg/L recorded for 2,4-DCP. Both compounds had levels below the limit of 0.01 mg/L prescribed by South African legislation. The assessed HQ for the phenolic concentrations indicates a low level of potential ecological risk and none of the samples had a cancer risk value that exceeded the regulatory limit. The possibility of the analyzed samples causing cancer is unlikely, but non-carcinogenic adverse effects were found. Strong mutagenicity was observed for the T98 strains with a potential ability to cause mutation toward the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide. The T100 bacterial strain showed very slight mutagenicity potential, however, it is unlikely to cause any mutation. The levels of phenolics in the potable water samples may pose a significant threat to human health. Hence, screening persistent organic chemicals in potable water sources and evaluating their potential human health effects is pertinent to prevent associated health challenges.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Mhlongo,

Akharame,

Pereao

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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“…In Kenya, soil samples from Nairobi exhibited microplastic concentrations ranging from 490 to 154,820 μg/g [20]. South Africa's Cape Town had microplastic concentrations in sludge ranging from 0.17 to 2.28 μg/g [21]. In Nigeria, sediment samples from Lagos had microplastic concentrations at or below 0.0004 μg/g [22].…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fungi in Biodegradation of Bisphenol A: A Review

Kristanti,

Ningsih,

Yati

et al. 2023

Trop. Aqua. Soil Pollut.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as an endocrine disruptor, capable of interfering with the normal functioning of hormones within the body by mimicking the effects of estrogen. Drinking water is one of the most common pathways of exposure to BPA as it can permeate plastic products and other materials, entering water sources. This article presents a comprehensive overview of BPA, including its incidence, origins, environmental fate, its impact on human health, and the role of fungi in the biodegradation of BPA. Fungi are natural decomposers, capable of breaking down organic compounds, including BPA, under suitable conditions. Studies have demonstrated that specific species of fungi can effectively biodegrade BPA. Some fungi utilize ligninolytic enzymes, such as laccases and peroxidases, to break down the phenolic rings of BPA. Other fungi employ non-ligninolytic enzymes, such as esterases and hydrolases, to cleave the ester linkages in BPA. Furthermore, some fungi can break down BPA via cometabolic pathways, whereby the chemical is degraded as a side reaction to the degradation of another substrate. The use of immobilized enzymes for BPA degradation has also demonstrated potential. Immobilized enzymes are those that are attached to a solid support, such as a polymer or matrix, allowing them to be used multiple times and enhance their stability and catalytic activity

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Analysis of Phthalate and Priority Phenols from a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Cape Town, South Africa

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Phenolic compounds occurrence and human health risk assessment in potable and treated waters in Western Cape, South Africa

Role of Fungi in Biodegradation of Bisphenol A: A Review

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