Analysis of photobiomodulation associated or not with platelet-rich plasma on repair of muscle tissue by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Treatment of muscle injuries usually results in the interruption of sports practice; thus, studies aimed at accelerating the return to activity, with proper tissue repair, are important. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM), associated or not with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), on the treatment of muscle injury. Thirty-five animals were used and divided into five groups (n = 7): control (C), control lesion (CL), lesion treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (LLt), lesion treated with PRP (LP), and lesion treated with both techniques, LLLT and PRP (LLtP). Muscle injury was induced by stretching the gastrocnemius muscle, and the animals in the LLtP and LP groups received the application of PRP immediately following the injury. The LLLT was applied daily for 7 days. The animals were euthanized 7 days after the injury. Analysis of the NADH/NAD ratio and collagen was performed by Raman spectroscopy; in addition to which, histological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed. The LLtP group demonstrated a reduction in the area of injury, regenerating cells and a healthy appearance of muscle fibers. The Raman analyses showed a reduction in the NADH/NAD ratio in the CL group, demonstrating oxidative stress, and the collagen presented a reduction in the CL and LLt groups, when compared with the C group. It is concluded that either PBM or PRP, and the association of both, was able to reduce the oxidative stress promoted by injury and modulate collagen production at the site of the injury. Furthermore, although both treatments individually were effective for repairing the damage caused by muscle injury, the association of both demonstrated a better histological aspect.

Platelet-rich plasma for muscle injuries: A systematic review of the basic science literature

“…Early cell differentiation was also observed in an additional three in vitro studies[1,11,12]. It is plausible that the increases in both differentiation and proliferation underlie some of the histological findings in the in vivo muscle publications, which demonstrated that PRP treatment accelerated muscular regeneration and reduced fibrosis when compared to controls[6,15,17,20,21,23].…”

“…A variety of animal models and muscles were used (Table 4). Studies also performed histologic[3,6,8,9,15,17,18,20-25] and gross anatomical[6,15,17,20,21,23] assessments of the muscles (Table 5). Eight studies reported improved functional and structural variables, reduced fibrosis, and increased muscular regeneration in PRP-treated muscle compared to control muscle[6,15,17,20-23,25].…”

“…Eight studies reported improved functional and structural variables, reduced fibrosis, and increased muscular regeneration in PRP-treated muscle compared to control muscle[6,15,17,20-23,25]. Several studies reported increased angiogenesis after PRP treatment[17,20,21,23]. Four studies reported increased leukocyte infiltration at the injection site[8,9,18,25].…”

Effect of Aerobic and Anaerobic Training on Different Ergometers in Rat Muscle and Heart Tissues

“…The same equipment was also used during training. 12 The animals in the RTW group were subjected to the maximum load test, for which an initial load of 80% of the animals' body weight was used, with 10% of the body weight being added in each new series, until the animal was unable to perform the test. Failure to perform the test was determined when the animal could not complete 10 jumps (10 RM).…”

Photobiomodulation reduces nociception and edema in a CFA-induced muscle pain model: effects of LLLT and LEDT

“…The results in such cases include the positive modulation of collagen deposition in the muscle repair process, gene expression and inflammatory cytokines. 20 Recent work has shown beneficial effects of photobiomodulation treatment for muscle injury, including reduced oxidative stress, collagen fiber remodelling, 21 induced muscle repair and decreased muscle tissue inflammation 22 and improved muscle morphological recovery. [23][24][25] There are different studies on the beneficial effects of PBMT described in the literature, but there are few that a Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil.…”