Analysis of phenoxy herbicides in bovine milk by means of liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction with a hollow-fiber membrane

Passive extraction and clean-up of phenoxy acid herbicides in samples from a groundwater plume using hollow fiber supported liquid membranes

“…While the former two derivatization/SPME methods [18,19], with low sensitivity and poor repeatability, can only be used as screening technique; the later one [20] possesses sufficient sensitivity and good repeatability for determining phenoxy acid herbicides in real wastewater and groundwater samples. Supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction, both flat membrane based [21] and hollow fiber membrane based [22,23], were also used as an alternative sample preparation technique for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides. These methods have the merits of high selectivity, low cost, negligible consumption of organic solvent, and are readily couplied with LC.…”

Determination of estrogens in wastewater using three‐phase hollow fiber‐mediated liquid‐phase microextraction followed by HPLC

“…In this study, four solvents (1-octanol, isooctane, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate) with different physical properties (Table 1) [22,23] were tested as impregnates. 1-Octanol was chosen as the organic solvent immobilized in the pores of the fiber wall since previous studies had proved its suitability for three-phase HF-LPME [24][25][26]. Taken from references [22,23] less volatile since its molecular mass and dimensional structure may have suited this version of the hollow fiber.…”

Simultaneous conduction of two- and three-phase hollow-fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of aromatic amines in environmental water samples

“…At the same time, the pH of DP should be adjusted to deprotonate the analytes and to suppress the solubility of analytes [14]. In recent years, HF-LPME by both two-phase [17][18][19][20] and three-phase mode [21][22][23][24][25] has been applied for various sample preparation procedures because of the major advantages such as high enrichment, clean-up and low solvent consumption. For the extraction of aromatic amines, Yazdi and Es'haghi reported the application of two-step hollow-fiber-based LLLPME [9].…”