Analysis of petroleum for trace metals.  Determination of trace quantities of cadmium in petroleum by atomic absorption spectrometry

Robbins, Winston K.

doi:10.1021/ac60358a022

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The results of metal contents in the three fuels are reported in Table 6 , together with the ratios between metals. It can be seen that data reported are in the general range of values found in the literature [ 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 ]. However, for data interpretation we used only results obtained for SAB, which covers the vast majority of the fuel consumed at Concordia Station, since the other two fuels are used in very much smaller quantities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station)

et al. 2021

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Trace heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Cu were determined (by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry) in aerosol samples collected at Dome C (the Italo-French Station Concordia), a remote site of the Central East Antarctic plateau, for which no data are available until now. During the Austral Summer 2005–2006, three PM10 high-volume impactors were installed in two locations nearby of Concordia station: the first one very close and downwind of the station (about 50 m north), the other two (very close to each other) in a ‘distant’ site, upwind of the station and close to the astrophysics tent (not used in that expedition) at ~800 m south of Station Concordia. For each sample, the availability of the mass of the aerosol collected (obtained by differential weighing carried out on site), in addition to the volume of the filtered air, allowed us to express results both in terms of metal mass fractions in the aerosol and in the usual way of metal atmospheric concentrations. Metal contents increased in the order Cd < Pb < Cu with the following ranges of values: Cd 1.0–8.4 µg g−1 (0.09–3.1 pg m−3), Pb 96–470 µg g−1 (12–62 pg m−3), and Cu 0.17–20 mg g−1 (0.027–2.4 ng m−3). From the metal temporal profiles obtained we estimated the following background values for the area of Dome C, expressed both in mass fractions and in atmospheric concentrations: Cd 1.2 ± 0.2 µg g−1 (0.24 ± 0.13 pg m−3), Pb (here fixed as upper limit) 113 ± 13 µg g−1 (21 ± 8 pg m−3), and Cu 0.91 ± 0.48 mg g−1 (0.12 ± 0.07 ng m−3). The highest values were observed in the first part of the season, and particularly for the site close to the station, possibly related to sample contamination linked to intense activity at the Concordia station connected with the beginning of the expedition, including aircraft arrivals/departures. Increments of up to 10 times (and even 20 times for Cu) were recorded with respect to the background values. The metal excesses of the contaminated over background samples were found approximately, except for Cu, in the same proportion of the metal contents of the special Antarctic blend (SAB) diesel fuel, which is used almost exclusively at Concordia Station. The effect of the wind direction was also observed. Thus in the intermediate period of the campaign, when the wind direction reversed for several days with respect to the prevailing one, Cd and Pb metal contents decreased at the sampling point installed close to the station, now upwind of Concordia station, and increased at the ‘clean’ site astrophysics tent, turned downwind at the main station. No simple and easily interpretable effect of the wind direction was observed for Cu, which suggests that some other extemporaneous and not clearly identified factor may have intervened in this case. These results suggest that the human impact at Dome C influences mainly the zone very close to the station, but also the area in the neighborhood, including the supposed clean site of the astrophysics tent (about 800 m far from the station), when the wind direction reverses with respect to the prevailing one, leaving the site downwind of the station Concordia. Since no other data are reported for the Dome C area, our results are compared with literature data referred to the South Pole Station (the only other plateau site for which data are available) and several other coastal Antarctic sites, observing that our results (excluding Cu) are the lowest ever observed for Antarctic aerosol.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station)

et al. 2021

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“…Cadmium (Cd) is introduced in the engine oil as a contaminant during use. Base oils are free from cadmium [51]. It is clear from Table 4 that cadmium only has a count of 1 ppm in the used oil and it can be completely removed by acetic acid treatment.…”

Section:  Elemental (Metals)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a New Washing Agent

2013

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This paper addresses recycling of waste engine oils treated using acetic acid. A recycling process was developed which eventually led to comparable results with some of the conventional methods. This gives the recycled oil the potential to be reused in cars' engines after adding the required additives. The advantage of using the acetic acid is that it does not react or only reacts slightly with base oils. The recycling process takes place at room temperature. It has been shown that base oils and oils' additives are slightly affected by the acetic acid. Upon adding 0.8 vol% of acetic acid to the used oil, two layers were separated, a transparent dark red colored oil and a black dark sludge at the bottom of the container. The base oils resulting from other recycling methods were compared to the results of this paper. The comparison showed that the recycled oil produced by acetic acid treatment is comparable to those recycled by the other conventional methods.

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“…Recently, there have been a number of studies on analysis of petroleum and petroleum products for trace elements (1)(2)(3)(4). This interest is because elements such as As, Se, and Pb may poison the catalysts used in refineries and automobiles.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The trace element analysis of petroleum products is heavily dependent on atomic absorption analyses (8). However, recent studies by cooperating laboratories have shown that digestion procedures are needed for the atomic absorption analysis of heavy crude oils and vacuum residues (2)(3)(4). Typically, these techniques require a good deal of experience before they become routine (2)(3)(4)7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of trace elements in oil samples

Kubo¹,

Bernthal²,

Wildeman³

1978

Anal. Chem.

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Analysis of petroleum for trace metals. Determination of trace quantities of cadmium in petroleum by atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station)

Determination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in the Atmospheric Aerosol of Central East Antarctica at Dome C (Concordia Station)

Recycling of Waste Engine Oils Using a New Washing Agent

Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of trace elements in oil samples

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