Analysis of Pesticides and Toxic Heavy Metals Contained in Mosquito Coils

Kasumba, John; Hettick, Bryan E.; French, Amanda D.; Wickliffe, Jeffrey K.; Lichtveld, Maureen Y.; Hawkins, W. B.; Sauers-Muller, A. van; Klein, David

doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1938-9

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Particularly new born babies and kids are at risk of toxicity due these vaporizers. Annually, household mosquito repellant products are used in billion units throughout the world that is alarming (Kasumba et al, 2016). Thus, keeping in view such alarming conditions, the current study was planned to find out the immune-toxicological effects of such accidental exposures to the allethrin toxicities in animal model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, the pyrethroids severe toxicity case in human and animals are uncommon in developed countries, yet such effects appear commonly in developing countries . Use of allethrin and other pyrethroids in closed and poorly ventilated areas is expected to be a major cause of severe toxicity cases in humans through inhalation and it is the main and quicker route of exposure (Kasumba et al, 2016). The common signs observed after exposure may be headache, dizziness, palpitations, chest tightness and less commonly fatigue and blurred vision (Garba et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is slow but one of the common occupational hazard to the persons working with sprays and chemical manufacturing. Ingestion is very rare and accidental, but have very lethal results, including sore throat, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, mouth ulceration, increased secretions and/or dysphagia, coma and convulsions those are lifethreatening (Kasumba et al, 2016). In Asian region including Pakistan, India, Japan, China, Korea, Thailand and Malaysia mosquito coils are being used extensively as repellant (Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immuno-Toxicological Effects of Allethrin (Active Ingredient in Mosquito Repellent Coils) in BALB/c Mice Following Oral Administration

Gul¹

2019

PVJ

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The use of synthetic pyrethroids as an insecticide in households has surpassed the other pesticides like organophosphates because of its likely to be safer for humans. This study was designed and executed to find out the toxic effects of allethrin (a synthetic pyrethroid) when they are overused or have an accidental oral exposure in humans or animals. For this purpose, 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A served as a control group. Groups B, C and D were given allethrin @ 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg BW, respectively orally on the 14 th day of the experiment. Animals were monitored twice daily for clinical signs and mortalities. Randomly selected five mice from each group were euthanized humanly at 21 st and 42 nd day of the experiment to collect blood/serum for determination of immunological parameters. Clinical signs such as hair coat roughness, alopecia, conjunctival hyperemia, salivation, frequent defecation and nervous signs like tremors and convulsions were observed. The highest mortality (53.3%) was recorded in group D (1.5 g/kg BW) followed by group C (1 g/kg BW) and group B (0.5 g/kg BW) with 46.6% and 26.7% mortalities, respectively. The absolute weight of the spleen and thymus was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in all treated groups at 21 st and 42 nd day of the experiment. Total antibody titer against SRBCs at the 14 th and 28 th day of experiment decreased significantly (P<0.05) in treated groups. At 29 th day, the lymphoproliferative response to tetanus toxoid at 24 and 48 h of time was significantly decreased in all the treatment groups as compared to control group. It is concluded that exposure to the allethrin can lead to immunosuppression by inducing pathological alterations in immune organs.To Cite This Article: Gul ST, Khan A, Saleemi MK, Ahmad M, Zahoor A, Naseem MN and Hussain R, 2019. Immuno-toxicological effects of allethrin (Active ingredient in mosquito repellent coils) in BALB/c mice following oral administration. Pak Vet J, 39(2): 256-260. http://dx.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immuno-Toxicological Effects of Allethrin (Active Ingredient in Mosquito Repellent Coils) in BALB/c Mice Following Oral Administration

Gul¹

2019

PVJ

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“…In the case group were 53 people (60.9%) family of children who have a habit of using mosquito coils, while the control group of 27 people (31%) family of children who have a habit of using a mosquito coil. In the variable use mosquito coils, the statistical analysis shows that there is a significant association between the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in the region of public health centre (p = 0.000) which states that there is a significant association between the use of mosquito coils with ARI in 2012 with a p-value of 0.0003 (Kasumba et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mosquitoes Drug Use Fuels Relationship With Genesis Pneumonimentioning

confidence: 97%

The correlation between family smoking habits and mosquito coils use with pneumonia incidences in toddlers

Winarsih¹,

Kusumawati

Anjarwati³

2019

J. Heal. Technol. Assess. Midwifery

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The incidences of pneumonia in infants Become the second highest cause mortality before reaching the age of 5 years and a health problem in Indonesia. The family of smoking and smoke from burning mosquito coils are the triggers for air pollution, which can lead to pneumonia in infants. The study aims to analyze the relationship between family smoking habits and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives. The method of research applied analytic observational research using a case-control study approach. The number of samples in this study was 87 under-fives in the case group and 87 under-fives in the control group. Sampling was conducted by non-probability sampling. A questionnaire was used as a data collecting instrument. Data analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study Showed that there was a relationship between family smoking habits and the use of mosquito coils with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. In addition, there were other variables that had a relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives namely smoking location (OR = 3,046; 95% CI: 1429-6492, p = 0.003), the number of cigarettes (OR = 7.105 ; 95% CI: 3079-16394, p = 0.000), and length of time with smokers (p = 0.000). On the other hand, the variables of father smoker status and the frequency of using mosquito coils were not related to the incidence of pneumonia in under-fives (p value 0.05). It is concluded that family smoking habits, use of mosquito coils, the location of smoking, and number of cigarettes, and length of time together with smokers were risk factors associated with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers

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“…Burning of MC in indoor environment is considered as potent indoor air pollution. Although it is reported that MC burning causes evaporation of insecticides that are of low toxicity to humans, a large amount of sub-micrometer particles, metal fumes, and gaseous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are also emitted in an uncontrolled manner upon the incomplete combustion [7,8] . Particulate matter (PM) released by burning one MC equal to those emitted upon burning 75-137 cigarettes, and formaldehyde will be released as high as 51 cigarettes is burned [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Air During Burning of Mosquito Coils and Their Impacts on the Livers of the Exposed Albino Rats

Nassar

Ismail

2021

Egyptian Journal of Zoology

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Analysis of Pesticides and Toxic Heavy Metals Contained in Mosquito Coils

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Immuno-Toxicological Effects of Allethrin (Active Ingredient in Mosquito Repellent Coils) in BALB/c Mice Following Oral Administration

Immuno-Toxicological Effects of Allethrin (Active Ingredient in Mosquito Repellent Coils) in BALB/c Mice Following Oral Administration

The correlation between family smoking habits and mosquito coils use with pneumonia incidences in toddlers

Emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Air During Burning of Mosquito Coils and Their Impacts on the Livers of the Exposed Albino Rats

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