Analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil and other vegetable oils

Hakme, Elena; Lozano, Ana; Ferrer, Carmen María Salvador; Díaz-Galiano, Francisco José; Fernández‐Alba, Amadeo R.

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.016

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Fungicides and rodenticides are used at a very low rate (1.2–2.6 g ha −1 ). Most herbicides and insecticides used in palm plantations are water‐soluble; they are considered to be removed when processing palm fruits, as they are during olive oil extraction, this last case being more documented (Hakme et al, ). Indeed, in both the cases, the oil is extracted from fresh pulp by pressure or centrifugation together with the fruit water that contains most of the pesticides, contrary to seed oils that are extracted with hexane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalorization of Palm Oil‐Refining by‐Products as Soaps

Punvichai

Pioch

2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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This study deals with the covalorization of spent bleaching clay (SBC) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), the by-products of palm oil-refining plants (3 Mt. year −1 ), through soap manufacture. Obtained SBC and PFAD samples show differing acidity and saponification values depending on their content of free fatty acids and of acylglycerols. The SBC sample had an acidity of 60.5% and a saponification value of 182 mg KOH g −1 of oil, and the PFAD sample has an acidity of 88.4% and a saponification value of 204 mg KOH g −1 of oil. Soaps are prepared using the stoichiometric amount of NaOH, under varying proportion of water introduced through the basic solution. The overall reaction (neutralization and saponification) is complete (99.9%) with PFAD, whereas the yield reaches only 56.1% with SBC. When mixing SBC and PFAD, for example under a 1:1 weight ratio, the overall reaction completion (87.7%) is surprisingly higher than expected based on the computed individual reaction yields (78%), showing a synergistic effect of about 10% on the course of the saponification reaction of acylglycerols in SBC. The water content was found to be a critical parameter, 30% w/w of added water providing the highest yield. These results show an innovative way for covalorizing two important by-products of palm oil industrial processing as a single final product. By-products of the physical refining of other oils could also be valorized following the same method.Keywords Palm fatty acid distillate Á Spent bleaching clay Á Palm oil by-product Á Soap J Am Oil Chem Soc (2019) 96: 329-336. Values within the same column having the same or without superscript are not significantly different (P > 0.05); Data are written as mean value and SD. 333 J Am Oil Chem Soc J Am Oil Chem Soc (2019) 96: 329-336

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalorization of Palm Oil‐Refining by‐Products as Soaps

Punvichai

Pioch

2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…GCB can effectively remove pigments (chlorophyll) [ 33 ]. A previous study showed that the addition of GCB to PSA and MgSO 4 in the procedure of removal of chlorophyll from olive extracts increased from 64% of co-extractives (by weight) to 75% without compromise of recoveries [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Easy and effective analytical method of carbendazim, dimethomorph, and fenoxanil from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis using LC-MS/MS

et al. 2021

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Traditionally in Korea, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (white-spotted flower chafer) has been used as a medicine, and recently has attracted increased attention due to its antithrombotic efficacy. Some of spent mushroom compost or fermented oak sawdust, a feedstock for P. brevitarsis, were contaminated with three fungicides, carbendazim, dimethomorph, and fenoxanil, which could be transferred to the insect. This study was aimed to optimize a simple extraction method combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and apply it to the real samples. After the pulverized samples (5 g) were extracted with acetonitrile (10 mL) and formic acid (100 μL), fat and lipids in the samples were slowly precipitated at -20°C for 24 hours. After eight different clean-up methods were investigated, the mixture of 150 mg MgSO4/25 mg PSA/25 mg C18 was selected due to optimal recovery of the target compounds. Recovery (77.9%‒80.8% for carbendazim, 111.2%‒116.7% for dimethomorph, and 111.9%‒112.5% for fenoxanil) was achieved with reasonable relative standard deviation (<5.5%) The analytical method developed in this study was used to analyze three compounds in the 24 insect samples donated by the insect farm owners but no target compounds were detected. These results can provide important data for establishing the pesticide safety standards for P. brevitarsis before the medical applications.

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“…There are many studies which were made with MS method followed by GC analysis (Bilia et al, 2002;Nitta et al, 2006;Paraschos et al, 2016;Zribia et al, 2019) and some studies which were combined with other methods (Heravi et al, 2015;Madhumita et al, 2019;Zoubiri & Baaliouamer, 2012). Bio pesticide analysis studies are mostly made with GC or LC methods which are carried out by MS after them (Di Bella et al, 2004;Fillatre et al, 2016;Hakme et al, 2018;Rui-Xing et al, 2020). Taking the median of 0.4 mg/kg, the rat NOAEL could be estimated at ten times less, 0.04 mg/kg.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products

Türkmenoğlu¹,

Özmen

2021

Journal of Food Science

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Nowadays, almost 300 essential oils (EOs) are commonly traded in the world market, with a prediction to be worth over $14 billion in 2024. EOs are natural preservatives for food products in order to reduce the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore their use as an antioxidant or a preservative in foods has been encouraged. They are not only considered as antimicrobial or flavoring agents, but are also incorporated into food packaging materials. There are several types of EOs which have been approved as food additives by the Food and Drug Administration. Hence, it is important to use safe EO products to minimize possible adverse effect risks such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis, nephropathy, mucous membrane, and skin irritation. This review article gives information about some EOs that are used in the food industries and the types of some allergenic compounds and biocides which could make the EOs hazardous or may cause allergenic reactions in the human body. Besides, some analysis techniques of possible allergenic compounds or biocides in EOs were introduced and supported with the most relevant studies. The overall conclusion from the study is that pregnant women, patients taking drugs (e.g., diabetics) or the having a history of allergy are the most prone to be affected from EO allergenic components. As regards to biocides, organochlorine and organophosphorus types of pesticides that are carried over from the plant may be found mostly in EOs. The most common allergic reaction is skin sensitization and irritation if the EO components are oxidized during storage or transportation. Moreover, drug interactions are one of the other possible adverse effect. Hence, determination of biocides and possible allergenic component concentrations is an essential factor when they are used as a preservative or flavoring agent. The most prominent analysis techniques are gas and liquid chromatography because most of the allergens and biocides are mainly composed of volatile components. Practical Application Determining of the essential oil's content will be crucial if oils are used for food preservation or flavoring because they may have some hazardous effects, such as nausea, vomiting, necrosis and nephropathy. Therefore, after applying them to the food products, consumers (especially pregnant women) should be informed about their concentration levels and their possible adverse effects are taken into account when they are consumed over toxic limit. For this reason, we reviewed in our study that some allergenic components, biocides and toxic limits of EOs to be used in food products. In addition to this, recent analytical techniques have been explained and discussed which methods are suitable for analysis.

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Analysis of pesticide residues in olive oil and other vegetable oils

Cited by 58 publications

References 67 publications

Covalorization of Palm Oil‐Refining by‐Products as Soaps

Covalorization of Palm Oil‐Refining by‐Products as Soaps

Easy and effective analytical method of carbendazim, dimethomorph, and fenoxanil from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis using LC-MS/MS

Allergenic components, biocides, and analysis techniques of some essential oils used in food products

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