Analysis of periodic changes in ventilation in new‐born infants.

Hathorn, M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012559

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Reset of chemoreceptor control at birth may disturb the feedback [7], However, it is interesting that the pat tern of periodic breathing which is a feature of prematurity [22], as well as characteristic of depression of respiratory centers due to cerebral pathology, so nicely fits into the model of chemoreceptor regulation. The fre quency of the chemoreceptor loop has been postulated to be 0.08-0.15 Hz [ 13], which is just in the LF region of the present study. Our results suggest that with maturity che moreceptor sensitivity increases and other control systems are activated as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Spectral Analysis of Impedance Respirogram in Newborn Infants

Äärimaa¹,

Välimäki²

1988

Neonatology

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Respiratory rate (RR), transthoracic electric impedance (TEZ) and transcutaneous PO₂ and PCO₂ were monitored during the 5 first postnatal days in 54 neonates on three separate occasions. There was no difference in the overall RR between the term and healthy preterm babies on different days of recordings but RR of the babies with RDS (who were all ventilated) was lower on day 1 (p < 0.01). When the power spectrum of the TEZ respirogram was computed and the spectral density was divided into low-frequency (LF, < 0.20 Hz) and high-frequency (HF, > 0.20 Hz) areas, the LF/HF ratio of healthy preterm babies was greater than that of term babies on day 1 (p < 0.01). The preterm babies with RDS did not differ from the term babies in this respect. The LF/HF ratio was negatively correlated with gestational age and it had a positive correlation to P_tcO₂ (p < 0.05) and P_tcCO₂ (p < 0.01) (R2 = 0.07). The result evidences that the control of respiration changes in relation to maturity and the LF/HF ratio is a quantitative indicator of respiratory variability reflecting this development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Spectral Analysis of Impedance Respirogram in Newborn Infants

Äärimaa¹,

Välimäki²

1988

Neonatology

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“…BASA has been observed in the LF region of the HRV spectra. Also, LF peaks in the power spectrum of the respiration data from full-term and preterm infants, compatible with chemoreceptor respiratory feedback control, have been described by Hathorn (25). Cross-spectral analysis of respiration and HR data obtained from neonates may reveal that group separation can be achieved using respiratory characteristics other than the rate of breathing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Full-Term Infants: Spectral Indices for Study of Neonatal Cardiorespiratory Control

et al. 1989

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ABSTRACT. The heart rate and respirations of twenty healthy full-term infants between 30 and 60 h postnatal age were studied during quiet sleep with the objective of defining spectral indices which represent normal neonatal heart rate variability (HRV) characteristics. Total HRV power and the distribution of power across different frequency bands varied considerably among infants. Cluster analysis on the measured variables indicated that the population divided into two groups that represented significantly different patterns of HRV behavior. In one group (11 subjects), infants had lower breathing rates and HRV power in a band about the respiration frequency [respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) band] was more than 20% of the total power (TP). Additionally, the ratio of low frequency band power to RSA band power was <4. The other group of neonates (nine subjects) had relatively higher breathing rates, RSA power <20% of total power, and low frequency to RSA power ratio >4. Regression analysis of low frequency versus T P and RSA versus T P graphs gave strong support to the hypothesis that there were indeed two distinct patterns of HRV behavior. Separation of apparently normal neonates into two groups may be attributed partially to differences in respiratory rates and breathing patterns. However, it is possible that differences in the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system control, perhaps related to autonomic maturation, also contribute to group separation. The indices developed from HRV spectral analysis in this investigation may be of value in the study of cardiorespiratory control in neonates. (Pediatr Res 26: 188-195,1989 Recently, spectral analysis of HRV has been studied as a means of quantifying CR behavior in neonates (1-5). Before pathologic behavior and its underlying causes can be identified, normal HRV characteristics must be defined within the context-of physiologic CR control.Cardiorespiratory performance is governed by the autonomic nervous system. Beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure and their interaction with respiration are consequences of this complex autonomic control. Therefore, the behavior of these physiologic variables inherently contains measures of the ability of the autonomic nervous system to respond to disturbances and maintain homeostasis.The rhythmic activity of autonomic neurons, both sympathetic and parasympathetic, influences systemic arterial pressure through peripheral resistance, HR, and stroke volume by acting on cardiac and vascular smooth muscles. The response of these effector muscles results in a behavior which is similar to that of a filter (6, 7), determining the final rhythmic output. Sensors, such as baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, provide measurements of CR system response and information feedback within closed loop operations. Respiration both influences the CR system with each respiratory cycle and also responds to sensors within it. Thus, the composite cardiorespiratory behavior can be viewed in terms of a set of oscilla...

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“…These observations may suggest a weaker respiratory feedback control in apnoeic infants. A certain age related instability is a physiological feature of infancy [15], but an exaggeration of this instability may be interpreted in terms of a delayed maturation of control of breathing after birth [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory and arousal responses to hypoxia in apnoeic infants reinvestigated

et al. 1989

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Respiratory and arousal responses to mild hypoxia (15% oxygen in nitrogen) were recorded in 18 healthy infants and 33 infants who had sustained severe sleep related apnoeic events (ALTE). Respiratory movements and transcutaneous gas pressures (tcPO2 and tcPCO2) were continuously monitored during the 10 min test. The changes in tcPCO2 in relation to the decrease in tcPO2 were used as an index of the ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia. We found that the response of apnoeic infants was within the range of the controls although the distribution of the individual response slopes was shifted towards the lower end of the range. Arousal was observed in 33% of apnoeic infants and 32% of the controls. Regular periodic breathing occurred in 42% of apnoeic infants compared to 28% of controls. In contrast to the controls, periodic breathing in apnoeic infants was not associated with a drop in tcPCO2 to below baseline levels. Apnoeic infants also alternated between regular and periodic breathing during the test. These findings are suggestive of a weak feed back control of breathing but do not support former views of a deficient hypoxic response in infants with ALTE.

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Analysis of periodic changes in ventilation in new‐born infants.

Cited by 59 publications

References 15 publications

Spectral Analysis of Impedance Respirogram in Newborn Infants

Spectral Analysis of Impedance Respirogram in Newborn Infants

Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Full-Term Infants: Spectral Indices for Study of Neonatal Cardiorespiratory Control

Respiratory and arousal responses to hypoxia in apnoeic infants reinvestigated

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