Analysis of perchlorate in foods and beverages by ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS)

Aribi, Houssain El; Blanc, Yves J. C. Le; Antonsen, Stephen; Sakuma, Takeo

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.012

Cited by 143 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In reality perchlorate has been found in agricultural products nationally and internationally outside the LCRR (FDA, 2004;Jackson et al, 2005;Sanchez et al, 2005a;El Aribi et al, 2006;Murray et al, 2008), including areas where there is no known contamination of water. Nevertheless, for instances in which we assume that individuals consume products from within and outside the LCRR, our estimates of exposure (Table 2) agree closely with those exploratory data reported by the FDA (FDA, 2007;Murray et al, 2008) for similar population groupings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies also show perchlorate detection in vegetables and milk samples collected nationally (FDA, 2004(FDA, , 2007Kirk et al, 2005;Sanchez et al, 2005a;Murray et al, 2008) and internationally (El Aribi et al, 2006;Dyke et al, 2007), and crops such as leafy vegetables and dairy products have been implicated in human exposure through biomonitoring . A recent study showed detectable perchlorate in all urine samples collected across the United States indicating widespread human exposure, albeit at exposure doses estimated to be less than the RfD .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region

Sanchez

Barraj

Blount

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The Colorado River shows low levels of perchlorate derived from aerospace-and defense-related fuel industries once located near the Las Vegas Wash. At sufficiently high dosages perchlorate can disrupt thyroid function by inhibiting uptake of iodide. The Colorado River is the primary source of irrigation water for most food crops grown in Southern California and Southwestern Arizona. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region (LCRR). The major food commodities produced in the region were sampled and perchlorate levels were determined by ion chromatography followed by detection using either conductivity or tandem mass spectrometry, depending on analyte levels. The Monte Carlo module of the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEMt) was used to derive an estimate of the 2-day average perchlorate intakes. Data were derived assuming that individuals residing in the LCRR get their fruits and vegetables from within the LCRR as well as from other areas in the United States, or assuming individuals living in the LCRR get their fruits and vegetables from the LCRR only. Perchlorate exposure estimates derived in this study are comparable to exploratory estimates by the US Food and Drug Administration. For infants and children, over 50% of the estimated perchlorate exposure was from milk. The relative impact of vegetables and fruit toward perchlorate exposure increased by age through adulthood. Cumulative perchlorate exposure estimates based on this hypothetical analysis could approach or exceed the NAS reference dose (RfD) for some population groups as drinking water levels exceeded 6 mg/l. However, few individuals are exposed to perchlorate in drinking water at levels above 4 mg/l in the United States and very few would be exposed to perchlorate levels exceeding the RfD, whether consuming food crops from within or outside the LCRR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region

Sanchez

Barraj

Blount

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The pretreatment procedure for milk was based on a literature written by Aribi (Aribi et al, 2006). 5 mL of milk sample was put into a 50 mL conical flask and added with 5 mL of deionized water and 20 mL of acetonitrile that was used for the removing of protein.…”

Section: Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate in sewage sludge, rice, bottled water and milk collected from different areas in China

Shi

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2007

Environment International

115

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“…Interestingly, a recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found a statistical relationship between circulating thyroid hormone concentration in women and ClO 4 -exposure even at intake rates that were significantly below the suggested reference dose (2). Exposure to ClO 4 -can be by both intake of water and food including milk, leafy vegetables, fruit, and other items, although currently the source of this ClO 4 -is not well understood (3)(4)(5). Natural perchlorate has been known to exist for over a century but until recently was thought to only occur in the Atacama Desert (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate in Wet Deposition Across North America

Rajagopalan

Anderson

Cox

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

118

121

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Natural perchlorate is believed to be of atmospheric origin, yet no systematic study has been conducted to evaluate perchlorate deposition rate and possible seasonal or spatial variations. This study evaluated perchlorate concentrations in weekly composite wet deposition samples acquired through the National Atmospheric Deposition Program from 26 sites across the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico for a 1−3 year period. Perchlorate concentrations varied from <5 ng/L to a high of 102 ng/L with a mean of 14.1 ± 13.5 ng/L for the 1578 total samples. The annual perchlorate flux by site ranged from a low of 12.5 (TX) to 157 mg/ha-year (NE) and averaged 65 ± 30 mg/ha-year for all sites. Perchlorate concentrations and flux in wet deposition were generally highest in May−August declining to lows in December−February. Average annual perchlorate flux was correlated (r > 0.5; p < 0.001) with Ca2+, K+, NH4 +, NO3 −, Cl−, and SO4 −2. Wet deposition rate of ClO4 − in the conterminous United States (excluding Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) while diffuse, represents a potential annual net mass flux of 51 000 kg, a value comparable to the estimated annual environmental releases from other known ClO4 − sources.

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Analysis of perchlorate in foods and beverages by ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS)

Cited by 143 publications

References 19 publications

Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region

Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region

Perchlorate in sewage sludge, rice, bottled water and milk collected from different areas in China

Perchlorate in Wet Deposition Across North America

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