Analysis of PEBP Genes in Saffron Identifies a Flowering Locus T Homologue Involved in Flowering Regulation

Kalia, Diksha; Jose-Santhi, Joel; Kumar, Ravi; Singh, Rajesh Kumar

doi:10.1007/s00344-022-10721-2

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Floral integrator and homeotic genes show tissue-specific expression in plants, suggesting their role in different plant and organ developmental processes. Our previous studies have provided the tissue-specific expression of FT and TFL genes in saffron ( Kalia et al., 2022 ), but it remains unknown for floral homeotic genes and other genes such as SVP and LFY . Thus, we examined the expression of these genes in different tissues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatiotemporal expression profiling of floral integrator genes has been previously described in saffron ( Kalia et al., 2022 ). Tissue- and time-specific regulation of floral homeotic gene expression ensures proper and precise floral organ development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of a few of these genes has been studied—for example, a lot still remain undeciphered concerning flowering regulation in saffron. By analyzing PEBP genes, floral integrator genes in saffron have been identified, but their hormonal regulation remain unexplored ( Tsaftaris et al., 2013 ; Kalia et al., 2022 ). The spatiotemporal expression profiling of FT genes identified from saffron has suggested different roles during flowering and vegetative growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatiotemporal expression profiling of FT genes identified from saffron has suggested different roles during flowering and vegetative growth. CsatFT3 gene has been suggested in temperature and sugar mediated regulation of flowering in saffron ( Tsaftaris et al., 2013 ; Kalia et al., 2022 ; Jose-Santhi et al., 2023 ). A SVP homolog gene, which is a negative regulator of flowering, was shown to be expressed only in the vegetative buds of small-sized corms, which are not competent to flower ( Haghighi et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FT and LFY regulate positively while TFL and SVP negatively regulate the flowering induction. (Tsaftaris et al, 2007;Kalivas et al, 2007a;Kalivas et al, 2007b;Tsaftaris et al, 2010;Tsaftaris et al, 2011;Tsaftaris et al, 2012;Tsaftaris et al, 2013;Kalia et al, 2022), while floral homeotic genes consist of ABCE model genes such as APETALA, PISTILLATA, SEPALLATA, and DROOPING LEAF-like genes that are involved in floral organ development and patterning (Renau-Morata et al, 2021). The role of a few of these genes has been studied-for example, a lot still remain undeciphered concerning flowering regulation in saffron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormones regulate the flowering process in saffron differently depending on the developmental stage

Singh

Sharma²,

Jose-Santhi³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Flowering in saffron is a highly complex process regulated by the synchronized action of environmental cues and endogenous signals. Hormonal regulation of flowering is a very important process controlling flowering in several plants, but it has not been studied in saffron. Flowering in saffron is a continual process completed in months with distinct developmental phases, mainly divided into flowering induction and flower organogenesis/formation. In the present study, we investigated how phytohormones affect the flowering process at different developmental stages. The results suggest that different hormones differentially affect flower induction and formation in saffron. The exogenous treatment of flowering competent corms with abscisic acid (ABA) suppressed both floral induction and flower formation, whereas some other hormones, like auxins (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), behaved contrarily at different developmental stages. IAA promoted flower induction, while GA suppressed it; however, GA promoted flower formation, whereas IAA suppressed it. Cytokinin (kinetin) treatment suggested its positive involvement in flower induction and flower formation. The expression analysis of floral integrator and homeotic genes suggests that ABA might suppress floral induction by suppressing the expression of the floral promoter (LFY, FT3) and promoting the expression of the floral repressor (SVP) gene. Additionally, ABA treatment also suppressed the expression of the floral homeotic genes responsible for flower formation. GA reduces the expression of flowering induction gene LFY, while IAA treatment upregulated its expression. In addition to these genes, a flowering repressor gene, TFL1-2, was also found to be downregulated in IAA treatment. Cytokinin promotes flowering induction by increasing the expression levels of the LFY gene and decreasing the TFL1-2 gene expression. Moreover, it improved flower organogenesis by increasing the expression of floral homeotic genes. Overall, the results suggest that hormones differently regulate flowering in saffron via regulating floral integrator and homeotic gene expression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%