Analysis of PBT and PET cyclic oligomers in extracts of coffee capsules and food simulants by a HPLC-UV/FLD method

Lopes, Joao Alberto; Tsochatzis, Emmanouil D.; Lubomir, Karasek; Hoekstra, Eddo J.; Emons, Hendrik

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128739

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Alberto Lopes et al ( 2021 ) quantified the six PET oligomers in coffee capsules extract which are non-intentionally added substances via HPLC–UV/FLD method. All six oligomers were composed of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer, hexamer and heptamer.…”

Section: Sample Collection Process and Characterization In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review

et al. 2022

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Polyethylene terephthalate is a common plastic in many products such as viscose rayon for clothing, and packaging material in the food and beverage industries. Polyethylene terephthalate has beneficial properties such as light weight, high tensile strength, transparency and gas barrier. Nonetheless, there is actually increasing concern about plastic pollution and toxicity. Here we review the properties, occurrence, toxicity, remediation and analysis of polyethylene terephthalate as macroplastic, mesoplastic, microplastic and nanoplastic. Polyethylene terephthalate occurs in groundwater, drinking water, soils and sediments. Plastic uptake by humans induces diseases such as reducing migration and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow and endothelial progenitor cells. Polyethylene terephthalate can be degraded by physical, chemical and biological methods.

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Section: Sample Collection Process and Characterization In The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review

et al. 2022

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“…Migration is of significance for smaller size compounds (below 1000 Da) [ 37 , 38 ]; despite in terms of risk assessment, oligomers up to a molar weight of 1000 Da are evaluated to be relevant under the assumption of human gastrointestinal absorption [ 39 , 40 ]. The dimension to which migration occurs depends on several factors ( Figure 1 ) listed below [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]: the contact surface size, since the more extensive the contact surface between packaging and food, the higher the migration rate [ 24 ]; the nature of the migrant, since the more volatile and the lower the molecular weight, the greater the migration rate (also the vapor pressure, water solubility, octanol solubility and polarity) [ 44 ]; FCM material type (e.g., impermeable, permeable, porous materials) [ 45 ]; kinetics and thermodynamics of the migration process (how fast will a substance transfer from the FCM into food) [ 46 , 47 ]; the nature of the food, since high-fat foods are reported with a high level of migration, for example [ 42 , 45 ]; temperature, high temperatures demonstrate high migration rates [ 42 , 44 ]; contact during serving and duration of the time of contact [ 42 , 45 ].…”

Section: Migration Of Substances From Packaging To the Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Kato

Conté-Júnior

2021

Polymers

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Several food contact materials (FCMs) contain non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), and most of the substances that migrate from plastic food packaging are unknown. This review aimed to situate the main challenges involving unknown NIAS in plastic food packaging in terms of identification, migration tests, prediction, sample preparation, determination methods and risk assessment trials. Most studies have identified NIAS in plastic materials as polyurethane adhesives (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester coatings, polypropylene materials (PP), multilayers materials, plastic films, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recycled materials, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Degradation products are almost the primary source of NIAS in plastic FCMs, most from antioxidants as Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, following by oligomers and side reaction products. The NIAS assessment in plastics FCMs is usually made by migration tests under worst-case conditions using food simulants. For predicted NIAS, targeted analytical methods are applied using GC-MS based methods for volatile NIAS and GC-MS and LC-MS based methods for semi- and non-volatile NIAS; non-targeted methods to analyze unknown NIAS in plastic FCMs are applied using GC and LC techniques combined with QTOF mass spectrometry (HRMS). In terms of NIAS risk assessment and prioritization, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is the most applied tool for risk assessment. Bioassays with sensitive analytical techniques seem to be an efficient method to identify NIAS and their hazard to human exposure; the combination of genotoxicity testing with analytical chemistry could allow the Cramer class III TTC application to prioritize unknown NIAS. The scientific justification for implementing a molecular weight-based cut-off (<1000 Da) in the risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated. Although official guides and opinions are being issued on the subject, the whole chain’s alignment is needed, and more specific legislation on the steps to follow to get along with NIAS.

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“…The degradation products of additives have been widely studied by different research groups. − Oligomers are commonly present in polymers originating from incomplete polymerization or the degradation of polymer chains . Studies have been published on the oligomers of polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), , and polyurethane (PU) adhesive …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Nonvolatile Migrates from Food Contact Materials Using Ion Mobility–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and in Silico Prediction Tools

Song

Canellas

Dreolin

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The identification of migrates from food contact materials (FCMs) is challenging due to the complex matrices and limited availability of commercial standards. The use of machine-learning-based prediction tools can help in the identification of such compounds. This study presents a workflow to identify nonvolatile migrates from FCMs based on liquid chromatography−ion mobility−high-resolution mass spectrometry together with in silico retention time (RT) and collision cross section (CCS) prediction tools. The applicability of this workflow was evaluated by screening the chemicals that migrated from polyamide (PA) spatulas. The number of candidate compounds was reduced by approximately 75% and 29% on applying RT and CCS prediction filters, respectively. A total of 95 compounds were identified in the PA spatulas of which 54 compounds were confirmed using reference standards. The development of a database containing predicted RT and CCS values of compounds related to FCMs can aid in the identification of chemicals in FCMs.

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Analysis of PBT and PET cyclic oligomers in extracts of coffee capsules and food simulants by a HPLC-UV/FLD method

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review

Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Identification of Nonvolatile Migrates from Food Contact Materials Using Ion Mobility–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and in Silico Prediction Tools

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