Analysis of Pathogenic Diversity of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen (<i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i>) in the Andaman Islands and Identification of Effective Resistance Genes

Gautam, Raj Kumar; Singh, Pankaj Kumar; Krishnan, Shekhar; Srikumar, Muthulingam; Kumar, Naresh; Kumar, Krishna; Singh, Awnindra K.; Roy, S. Dam

doi:10.1111/jph.12338

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…There are reports of some of the strains that can breakdown most of the major R genes deployed for resistance to Xoo in India567891011. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic diversity of the population of Xoo from India and its relationship with strains from the rest of the world is necessary.…”

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confidence: 99%

Population genomic insights into variation and evolution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Midha

Bansal

Kumar

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo) is a serious pathogen of rice causing bacterial leaf blight disease. Resistant varieties and breeding programs are being hampered by the emergence of highly virulent strains. Herein we report population based whole genome sequencing and analysis of 100 Xoo strains from India. Phylogenomic analysis revealed the clustering of Xoo strains from India along with other Asian strains, distinct from African and US Xo strains. The Indian Xoo population consists of a major clonal lineage and four minor but highly diverse lineages. Interestingly, the variant alleles, gene clusters and highly pathogenic strains are primarily restricted to minor lineages L-II to L-V and in particularly to lineage L-III. We could also find the association of an expanded CRISPR cassette and a highly variant LPS gene cluster with the dominant lineage. Molecular dating revealed that the major lineage, L-I is youngest and of recent origin compared to remaining minor lineages that seems to have originated much earlier in the past. Further, we were also able to identify core effector genes that may be helpful in efforts towards building durable resistance against this pathogen.

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confidence: 99%

Population genomic insights into variation and evolution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Midha

Bansal

Kumar

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The difference in virulence of Xoo pathotypes on rice lines carrying the same set of resistance genes ( xa 5 + xa 13 + Xa 21) and further confirmed through PCR markers is attributed to the influence of host genetic background selected to develop BB‐resistant rice varieties (Yoshimura , Gautam et al. , ). In other words, this difference could be due to modifying/suppressing effects of the differing genetic backgrounds of the host parents upon the resistance expression of three genes to 12 geographically diverse pathotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…, Gautam et al. ). Yield losses due to this disease generally vary from 20% to 30%, but may go up to 50% depending on the environmental conditions, season, the level of N application and crop stage (Ou , Singh et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

The host background of rice influences the resistance expression of a three genes pyramid (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) pathotypes of Indian mainland and Bay islands

et al. 2017

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Bacterial blight (BB) is a major disease of rice for which host resistance is the only effective solution. The three genes pyramid xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 is recently the most utilized combination for developing resistant varieties through marker‐assisted breeding. Our study was carried out to elicit the detailed response of twenty lines possessing these three genes in five genetic backgrounds to twelve diverse BB pathotypes in India. The lines developed from ADT 47 variety showed incomplete resistance to most of the pathotypes, whereas susceptibility varied from 8.3% to 16.6% in ADT 43 and IR24, respectively. However, in IMP ASD16/60 and Improved Samba Mahsuri, complete resistance against all pathotypes was observed. The overall results confirmed that genetic background plays crucial role for the effective expression of xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 combination. Molecular studies did not reveal correlation between origin of pathotypes and their virulence potential. It is suggested to deploy Improved Samba Mahsuri, IMP ASD 16/60 and AD1306 varieties in the bacterial blight prone areas or use them as donors for realizing wider and durable resistance.

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“…A systematic breeding program with extensive germplasm screening and genetic analysis, pyramiding of resistance genes through conventional and marker assisted breeding, and gene deployment over space and time may yield desirable results for developing resistance in tomato. The gene deployment over space denotes growing of different resistant varieties having different resistance gene(s) or their combinations in different geographical areas to minimize the pathogen pressure and disease spread while gene deployment over time stresses on growing resistant varieties with different genetic resistance gene(s) in subsequent years to affect the host-pathogen-climate-time combination (Gautam et al 2014;Khan et al 2014). Vellupillai and Stall (1984) were also of the opinion that exclusive cultivation of a single resistant genotype over the years in a geographical area can exert strong selection pressure on the pathogen to shift towards more aggressive strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic approaches for mitigating losses caused by bacterial wilt of tomato in tropical islands

et al. 2015

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Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith, US Department of Agriculture, 12, 1-28, 1986) Yabuuchi et al. (Microbiology and Immunology, 39, 897-904, 1995) (formerly Pseudomonas solanacearum), causes 35-90 % yield loss in tomato production in hot-humid tropical regions. Commonly used strategies for minimizing incidence of bacterial wilt include choosing resistant varieties, cocopith based growing media, chemical methods, grafting on resistant rootstocks, application of biocontrol agents and field management practices. The cultivation of resistant varieties is the most appropriate and eco-friendly way to manage the soil borne diseases in crops but the same is not fitting well with bacterial wilt in tomato. In this review, a systematic analysis has been made on reaction of 526 genotypes of tomato to R. solanacearum pathogen tested over a 30 year period in Andaman Islands and identified 37 genotypes as highly resistant (HR), 58 as resistant (R) and 151 as moderate resistant (MR). None of the claimed resistant genotypes exhibited stable and durable resistance against this pathogen and no single genotype reported in HR category (after 2002) except only two genotypes in R category. The period for a genotype to shift from resistance to susceptible is very short because of pathogen evolution hence, it is necessary to constantly develop new resistant varieties in tomato against R. solanacearum. The review also suggests breeding strategies for rapid development of bacterial wilt resistant varieties in tomato in order to minimize the yield losses especially in the tropical conditions.

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Analysis of Pathogenic Diversity of the Rice Bacterial Blight Pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in the Andaman Islands and Identification of Effective Resistance Genes

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Population genomic insights into variation and evolution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Population genomic insights into variation and evolution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

The host background of rice influences the resistance expression of a three genes pyramid (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) pathotypes of Indian mainland and Bay islands

Genetic approaches for mitigating losses caused by bacterial wilt of tomato in tropical islands

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