Analysis of PAPR and BER Reduction in MIMO-OFDM using Hybrid Moth Flame-Improved Firefly Algorithm

The energy-efficient and secure allocation of virtual machines (VMs) plays an important role at the data center. As cloud computing continues to expand rapidly and the number of cloud users increases day by day, the issue of high energy consumption in complex cloud data centers has become a significant concern. To address this challenge, the consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) emerges as a crucial strategy for optimizing cloud resources efficiently. In this study, a novel security evaluation method is proposed to assist the model available for the virtualized system. A multi-objective model-based firefly algorithm (FA) and harmony search (HS) algorithm are used for the system configuration in VM migration is proposed to measure the security threats such as denial of service (DoS), distributed denial of service (DDoS) and Man-in-the-middle attack. The proposed method also decreases the power consumption, network usage and resource wastage in virtual machines. The proposed algorithm achieves better results compared to other existing methods by utilizing the number of virtual machine blocks with cost migration. The experimental results shows that the proposed FA+HS delivers the performance metrics such as makespan, execution cost and resource utilization and achieved at the 1000VMS of 950, 0.001 and 62 respectively, which ensures the better results compared with the existing methods such as whale optimization genetic algorithm (WOGA), multi-objective whale optimization algorithm-based differential evolution (M-WODE) and joint task scheduling and virtual machine placement (JTSVMP).

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Mode Harmony Search Based Multi-objective Firefly Algorithm Feature Selection for Detecting the Security Threats in Virtual Machine

2024

“…After the removal of the guard interval, the demodulation of the OFDM carrier is carried out by the implementation of a FFT [33]. This mathematical operation facilitates the conversion of the signal from the time domain to the frequency domain.…”

Section: Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of 5G New Radio Polar Code over Different Multipath Fading Channel Models

2024

The coding of channels is a core part of any communication network. Future wireless systems will need high performance codes with low complexity encoding and decoding in order to meet a wide variety of requirements, from running in highly dependable situations with short information messages and low code rates to running in high throughput scenarios with lengthy messages and high code rates. The investigation of polar codes in fading channels has important implications in the context of implementing polar codes in wireless communications. A significant development in the fields of information and coding theory, polar code allows for the flexible adjustment of code rates and block lengths without compromising error correction efficiency. Recently, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) group has supported polar codes to provide channel coding in the physical control channels of the 5G, wireless standard. Channel coding, which exists inside the physical layer, is essential in determining the latency and dependability of a communication system. However, error correction performance diminishes with shorter message durations. The polar encoding scheme can achieve channel capacity because it is based on the practical use of channel polarization operation. In this research, a polar code is included in the proposed system for data transmission over various multipath fading channel models (Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, and Lognormal fading channels) in the presence of AWGN, and in this design, the Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoding algorithms for polar code are used in order for the suggested NR-polar QAM-OFDM system to perform better than the uncoded QAM-OFDM system. According to Monte Carlo simulations, QAM constellation NR-Polar-COFDM using LLRs computed due to the normal distribution over different types of channel PDFs performs better than the uncoded QAM-OFDM system in terms of bit error rat BER. To further enhance the system performance, CRC bits are used to enhance the efficiency of SCL decoding by improving distance characteristics. The simulation results show that BER is approximately 10-6 at SNR of 1dB in the AWGN channel, and in the multipath fading channel BER approaches 10-6 at SNR of 22.5dB in the Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels, while in the lognormal fading channel at SNR of 14dB for short information block lengths at code rates (1/3) in the uplink and downlink control channels. The findings additionally confirm the superiority of Polar coding in the situation of transmitting information with short block lengths in the AWGN compared to the NR-LDPC-OFDM.

“…Low latency transmissions are made possible by large subcarrier spacing, while bandwidth efficiency is increased by tiny subcarrier spacing. Additionally, varied subcarrier spacings enable the transmission system to be matched to certain channel circumstances [4][5][6]. High subcarrier spacing should be used by a user traveling at high speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Powerful Activity for FBMC-OQAM Wireless Communication System Relies on Slantlet Transform

2023

There are many candidate waveforms for the next-era communication system. Filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) This system depends on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) is one of them. Compared to OFDM, it can offer faster data rates and improved spectrum efficiency. The OFDM has a few disadvantages which as a high PAPR resulting in the requirement for high-power amplifiers. So, to overcome this problem, the FBMC system with OQAM is used. In this manuscript, a proposed method was designed using the modified technique through the slantlet transform (ST) to raise the activity for the system. This scheme is suitable for providing lower losses, higher data rates, and for better spectral efficiency. a proposed method that uses the ST gives a modified performance than the fast fourier transform (FFT). Many parameters were applied to test the activity of the system such As Power spectral density, prototype filters, signal power, velocity, carrier frequency, modulation order, power delay profile, channel doppler model, overlap factor, and efficiency. In all these parameters it can be noticed that the proposed system based on ST has overcome the other systems and gives higher performance.