Analysis of palladium and yttrium–palladium alloy layers used for hydrogen detection with SAW device

Vanotti, Meddy; Blondeau-Pâtissier, Virginie; Moutarlier, Virginie; Ballandras, S.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.049

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The fundamental constituting element of a SAW device is an interdigital transducer (IDT) deposited on a piezoelectric substrate [30]. An IDT consists of two comb-shaped thin metal electrodes forming interdigitated fingers with an r overlap distance of W [20][21][22]. In the simplest case, the electrode finger's periodicity is constant and denoted as p. The propagation velocity of the elastic surface waves in the piezoelectric substrate is referred to as v. It depends on the type and (if applicable) the crystal orientation of the substrate.…”

Section: Test Samples and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of an optimal film thickness that yields maximum gas probing sensitivity is attributed to the gas sorption specifics of the sensing layer [20,21]. The above illustrates the importance of analyzing and modeling sensor systems based on SAW [22] to gain insight into the effects of design parameters and polymer coating on sensor performance. Among available modeling methods, such as the finite element method and perturbation theory [23][24][25], the coupling-of-modes (COM) theory is of interest as it enables a rapid SAW sensor simulation and optimization using numerous test configurations [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Electrical and Optical Characterization of SAW Sensors Coated with Parylene C and Their Analysis Using the Coupling-of-Modes (COM) Theory

Smagin

Vanotti

Duquennoy

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this paper, we present how complementary characterization techniques, such as electrical measurements with a vector network analyzer (VNA), optical measurements with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and numerical simulations with the finite element method, coupled with spectral domain analysis (FEMSDA), allow us to independently access different properties of a SAW device and fully characterize its operation using the coupling-of-modes theory (COM). A set of chemical SAW sensors coated with parylene C layers of different thicknesses (1, 1.5, and 2 µm) and an uncoated sensor were used as test samples. The sensors represent dual-channel electroacoustic delay lines operating in the vicinity of 77 MHz. The IDTs consist of split aluminum electrodes deposited on a AT-cut quartz substrate. The thickness-dependent influence of the parylene C layer was observed on the operating frequency (SAW velocity), static capacitance, attenuation, crosstalk, and reflection coefficient. COM parameters were reported for the four cases considered; measured and simulated data show good agreement. The presented approach is suitable for the design, characterization, and validation of polymer film-coated SAW sensors.

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Section: Test Samples and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Electrical and Optical Characterization of SAW Sensors Coated with Parylene C and Their Analysis Using the Coupling-of-Modes (COM) Theory

Smagin

Vanotti

Duquennoy

et al. 2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…[37,38] The H 2 sensing performance of PdY alloy nanosheets has been studied in the past for H 2 detection in form of chemiresistive sensors, [37,39] optical sensors, [40,41] and surface acoustic waves (SAW) sensors. [42] Hence, a solution-processed 2D Pd alloy nanosheet-based paper sensor could be an ideal approach to the development of a reliable, ultra-low-cost, highly sensitive H 2 sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

Kumar

Zhao

Abraham

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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chemical, [5] gas, humidity, [6] and strain sensing applications. [7,8] Various types of paper-based sensors have been reported, and these can be broadly categorized as optical sensors and electrochemical sensors. Optical sensors include colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence sensors, whereas electrochemical sensors include voltammetrybased, potentiometric, and chemiresistive sensors. [9] Chemiresistive sensors are preferred for gas sensing applications due to their low-cost fabrication, portability, and easy-to-read output. [10] In contrast to paper-based chemical sensors and biosensors that are typically disposable, [11] gas sensors, especially chemiresistive sensors, can be used to reversibly detect gases over extended periods of time. Hence, paper-based chemiresistive sensors are promising as ultra-low-cost chemiresistive sensors for gases such as NO 2 , [12] NH 3 , [13] H 2 S, [14] and H 2 . [15] Such paper-based chemiresistive gas sensors often outperform sensors using other (nonporous) substrates such as silicon or polymers, due to synergistic effects of the flexible porous paper coupled with simplicity of fabrication and use. [16] Hydrogen is a highly explosive gas with a lower explosion limit of 4% in air. It also has high diffusivity through many materials due to its small size, creating challenges in safely storing and transporting it. [17] These limitations are a key factor influencing future development of a H 2 -based energy economy. Hence, even with its obvious advantages such as high energy density, compatibility with efficient fuel cells, and carbon-free combustion products, the role of H 2 as a next generation fuel remains uncertain. [18] The cost of H 2 sensors is a significant factor in widespread adoption of H 2 as a fuel, as such sensors will be required at H 2 production units, distribution units, and in H 2 fuel cell-powered vehicles. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has set cost targets for such H 2 sensors, with an ambitious goal of <$15 per sensor for fuel cellpowered vehicles. [19] This goal for low-cost H 2 sensors could be achieved using paper-based Pd chemiresistive H 2 sensors. Pd can selectively absorb a large amount of H 2 at room temperature and form palladium hydride, PdH x , changing both the volume and resistivity of the Pd. [18] Although the material cost of Pd is higher than most conventional metals, low operating cost and selective room-temperature H 2 detection make 2D palladium nanostructures enable sensitive room-temperature detection of H 2 . However, they can be limited by stability and fabrication costs. Stability may be improved by alloying Pd with other metals, while cost could be reduced by using paper as a substrate. An ultra-low-cost sensor using Pd alloy (PdMoY) nanosheets (NS) on paper is reported. The 2D Pd alloy nanosheets are prepared by a solution-phase route, drop cast onto paper (≈1 × 1 cm) with silver contacts drawn on it, and dried. The same material is deposited on an interdigitated electrode (IDE). Both sensors are teste...

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“…An effective way to cope with this is to dope moderate metals as alloy thin films. Some Pd alloys doped with metals such as Ag, Pt, Yi, and Cu have been used in hydrogen sensors [19,20,21,22,23,24]. Representative results were reported for Pd-Ni alloy thin-film coated SAW devices, with a very fast response time of 4 s and low detection limit of 3.7 ppm achieved [23,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a High Stability Pd-Ni Alloy Thin-Film Coated SAW Device for Sensing Hydrogen

Wang

Liu

Mei

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A Pd-Ni alloy thin-film coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is proposed for sensing hydrogen. The Pd-Ni thin-film was sputtered onto the SAW propagation path of a SAW device with a delay line pattern to build the chip-sized hydrogen sensor. The prepared sensor chip was characterized by employing a differential oscillation loop. The effect of the Pd-Ni film thickness on sensing performance was also evaluated, and optimal parameters were determined, allowing for fast response and high sensitivity. Excellent working stability (detection error of 3.7% in half a year), high sensitivity (21.3 kHz/%), and fast response (less than 10 s) were achieved from the 40 nm Pd-Ni alloy thin-film coated sensing device.

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Analysis of palladium and yttrium–palladium alloy layers used for hydrogen detection with SAW device

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Electrical and Optical Characterization of SAW Sensors Coated with Parylene C and Their Analysis Using the Coupling-of-Modes (COM) Theory

Electrical and Optical Characterization of SAW Sensors Coated with Parylene C and Their Analysis Using the Coupling-of-Modes (COM) Theory

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

Development of a High Stability Pd-Ni Alloy Thin-Film Coated SAW Device for Sensing Hydrogen

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Analysis of palladium and yttrium–palladium alloy layers used for hydrogen detection with SAW device

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Electrical and Optical Characterization of SAW Sensors Coated with Parylene C and Their Analysis Using the Coupling-of-Modes (COM) Theory

Electrical and Optical Characterization of SAW Sensors Coated with Parylene C and Their Analysis Using the Coupling-of-Modes (COM) Theory

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H2 Sensors on Paper

Development of a High Stability Pd-Ni Alloy Thin-Film Coated SAW Device for Sensing Hydrogen

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Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper