Analysis of ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Dabdub, Donald; DeHaan, Laurel L.; Seinfeld, John H.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00256-8

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Lu and Chang [1998] used the SARMAP air quality model (SAQM) [Chang et al, 1997;DaMassa et al, 1996] to test the effect of indicator species and indicator species ratios as a means of assessing the sensitivity of ozone formation to reductions in precursor emissions. Dabdub et al [1999] used the SAQM to study the effects of boundary conditions on ozone during the SARMAP study. They found that ozone production depended more on influx of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from regional model boundaries and emissions than on influx or emissions of reactive organic gases (ROGs).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GATOR‐GCMM: 2. A study of daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP field campaign

Jacobson¹

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The GATORG-GCMM global-through urban-scale nested air pollution/weather forecast model was applied to study ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the August 3-6, 1990, SARMAP field campaign in northem and central California. Predictions of meteorological variables and mixing ratios of 20 gases were compared with observations. With nesting, the normalized gross error in predicted near-surface Kelvin temperatures was 1.02% and that in near-surface ozone above 50 ppbv was 22.5%. Statistics from outer nested domains indicated that the coarser the grid spacing, the greater the underprediction of ozone. In the absence of nesting, statistics deteriorated but not a lot. The model-simulated observed nighttime ozone layers aloft and daytime ozone mixed layers in the San Joaquin Valley and San Francisco Bay Area. It also simulated observed daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft over the San Francisco Bay near Hayward. The formation mexhanism of these layers is discussed. The model was used to estimate that about 47-57% of peak daytime ozone in Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks during SARMAP was produced by anthropogenic gases, 13-3% was produced by biogenic hydrocarbons, and the rest (about 40%) was background.

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confidence: 99%

GATOR‐GCMM: 2. A study of daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP field campaign

Jacobson¹

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…To properly simulate all the advective fluxes, a modeling domain that includes the entire Sacramento Valley (up to Redding in the north) and extends farther east beyond the Tehachapi Pass is desirable. Because of the continuous influx from the Pacific, Dabdub et al 33 found that 4 times as much NO x originates from the upwind boundary than within the SJV. Aircraft measurements have shown that the polluted air mass can extend for several km offshore, with an estimated NO x boundary condition of 3 ppb.…”

Section: Domain and Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aircraft measurements have shown that the polluted air mass can extend for several km offshore, with an estimated NO x boundary condition of 3 ppb. 33 Extending the western boundary to properly simulate land/sea breezes and the recycling of pollutants may reduce some of the influence of pollutants from the boundary. However, the recommendation for the exact location of the boundary will require better characterization of the cycling of pollutants due to land/sea breezes.…”

Section: Domain and Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Formation in California's San Joaquin Valley: A Critical Assessment of Modeling and Data Needs

Pun

Louis

Pai

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Data from the 1990 San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study/ Atmospheric Utility Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments (SJVAQS/AUSPEX) field program in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) suggest that both urban and rural areas would have difficulty meeting an 8-hr average O 3 standard of 80 ppb. A conceptual model of O 3 formation and accumulation in the SJV is formulated based on the chemical, meteorological, and tracer data from SJVAQS/ AUSPEX. Two major phenomena appear to lead to high O 3 concentrations in the SJV: (1) transport of O 3 and precursors from upwind areas (primarily the San Francisco Bay Area, but also the Sacramento Valley) into the SJV, affecting the northern part of the valley, and (2) emissions of precursors, mixing, transport (including longrange transport), and atmospheric reactions within the SJV responsible for regional and urban-scale (e.g., downwind of Fresno and Bakersfield) distributions of O 3 . Using IMPLICATIONS The development of State Implementation Plans to address the O 3 air quality standard will require meteorological and air quality models that provide accurate representations of the relevant atmospheric processes over regional scales. The California SJV is an appropriate test bed for evaluating state-of-the-science models, because of its variety of chemical and meteorological regimes and the availability of data to execute and test models. A conceptual model of O 3 formation in the SJV was developed and used to critically assess the suitability of meteorological and air quality models. Specific recommendations are provided to improve existing models, thereby increasing the level of confidence in the use of model predictions of O 3 and precursors to develop cost-effective emission control strategies. this conceptual model, we then conduct a critical evaluation of the meteorological model and air quality model. Areas of model improvements and data needed to understand and properly simulate O 3 formation in the SJV are highlighted.

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“…The model has enhanced vertical resolution, non-hydrostatic boundary layer physics, comprehensive gas-phase atmospheric chemistry, aerosol thermodynamics and dynamics, and dry deposition of gaseous species and particles. Descriptions of the mathematical formulation and previous applications of SAQM and its aerosol version, SAQM-AERO, have been provided in detail elsewhere 2,3,5,8,9 . In this application of SAQM-AERO, only one particle size range was used to represent PM 2.5 .…”

Section: The Air Quality Modeling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensitivity of PM₂₅Source-Receptor Relationships to Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport in a Three-Dimensional Air Quality Model

Seigneur

Tonne

Vijayaraghavan

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Air quality model simulations constitute an effective approach to developing source-receptor relationships (socalled transfer coefficients in the risk analysis framework) because a significant fraction of particulate matter (particularly PM 2.5 ) is secondary (i.e., formed in the atmosphere) and, therefore, depends on the atmospheric chemistry of the airshed. In this study, we have used a comprehensive three-dimensional air quality model for PM 2.5 (SAQM-AERO) to compare three approaches to generating episodic transfer coefficients for several source regions in the Los Angeles Basin. First, transfer coefficients were developed by conducting PM 2.5 SAQM-AERO simulations with reduced emissions of one of four precursors (i.e., primary PM, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), and volatile organic compounds) from each source region. Next, we calculated transfer coefficients using two other methods: (1) a simplified chemistry for PM 2.5 formation, and (2) simplifying assumptions on transport using information limited to basin-wide emission reductions. Transfer coefficients obtained with the simplified chemistry were similar to those obtained with the comprehensive model for VOC emission changes but differed for NO x and SO 2 emission changes. The differences were IMPLICATIONS Attainment of air quality standards for PM 2.5 will require developing quantitative relationships between PM 2.5 ambient levels and the emission sources of PM 2.5 and its precursors. We show that for cases where the secondary fraction of PM 2.5 is significant, the development of sourcereceptor relationships with a three-dimensional air quality model should use an explicit treatment of atmospheric chemistry. On the other hand, source-receptor relationships for the primary component of PM 2.5 require simulating individual source-receptor combinations that properly account for atmospheric transport between the source and the receptor.due to the parameterization of the rates of secondary PM formation in the simplified chemistry. In 90% of the cases, transfer coefficients estimated using only basin-wide information were within a factor of two of those obtained with the explicit source-receptor simulations conducted with the comprehensive model. The best agreement was obtained for VOC emission changes; poor agreement was obtained for primary PM 2.5 . INTRODUCTIONThe overall objective of this work is to investigate several alternative approaches to developing reliable sourcereceptor relationships that can be used in a risk analysis framework. Air quality model simulations constitute an effective approach to developing source-receptor relationships because a significant fraction of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is secondary (i.e., formed in the atmosphere) and, therefore, depends on the atmospheric chemistry of the airshed. These source-receptor relationships, which are called transfer coefficients (TCs) in the risk analysis framework, can be made specific to source regions and major primary pollutants.The air quality modeling ...

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Analysis of ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

GATOR‐GCMM: 2. A study of daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP field campaign

GATOR‐GCMM: 2. A study of daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP field campaign

Ozone Formation in California's San Joaquin Valley: A Critical Assessment of Modeling and Data Needs

The Sensitivity of PM₂₅Source-Receptor Relationships to Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport in a Three-Dimensional Air Quality Model

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Analysis of ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Cited by 36 publications

References 13 publications

GATOR‐GCMM: 2. A study of daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP field campaign

GATOR‐GCMM: 2. A study of daytime and nighttime ozone layers aloft, ozone in national parks, and weather during the SARMAP field campaign

Ozone Formation in California's San Joaquin Valley: A Critical Assessment of Modeling and Data Needs

The Sensitivity of PM25Source-Receptor Relationships to Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport in a Three-Dimensional Air Quality Model

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The Sensitivity of PM₂₅Source-Receptor Relationships to Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport in a Three-Dimensional Air Quality Model