Analysis of orientation signals emitted by the CF-FM bat,Pteronotus p. parnellii and the FM bat,Eptesicus fuscus during avoidance of moving and stationary obstacles

Jen, Philip H.‐S.; Kamada, Tsutomu

doi:10.1007/bf00679023

Cited by 75 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…By producing calls with shorter PI, such as when bats flew near the nets, they increased the rate of echo returns, which may have helped them localize the net openings. Previous research reported adaptations in pulse rate, duration and frequency during obstacle navigation (Jen and Kamada, 1982). In the present study, we report differences in the adaptive sonar behavior when navigating two obstacles in sequence.…”

Section: Adaptive Sonar Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 51%

Tight coordination of aerial flight maneuvers and sonar call production in insectivorous bats

Falk

Kasnadi

Moss

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requiring simultaneous turning and climbing flight, and used synchronized high-speed motion-tracking cameras and audio recordings to quantify the animals' coordination of wing kinematics and echolocation. Bats varied flight speed, turn rate, climb rate and wingbeat rate as they navigated around obstacles, and they adapted their sonar signals in patterning, duration and frequency in relation to the timing of flight maneuvers. We found that bats timed the emission of sonar calls with the upstroke phase of the wingbeat cycle in straight flight, and that this relationship changed when bats turned to navigate obstacles. We also characterized the unsteadiness of climbing and turning flight, as well as the relationship between speed and kinematic parameters. Adaptations in the bats' echolocation call frequency suggest changes in beam width and sonar field of view in relation to obstacles and flight behavior. By characterizing flight and sonar behaviors in an insectivorous bat species, we find evidence of exquisitely tight coordination of sensory and motor systems for obstacle navigation and insect capture.

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Section: Adaptive Sonar Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 51%

Tight coordination of aerial flight maneuvers and sonar call production in insectivorous bats

Falk

Kasnadi

Moss

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For example, New World mustached bats (Pteronotus parnellii) emit multiharmonic echolocation calls composed of a longduration, constant-frequency tone near 60 kHz followed by a short-duration, downward frequency-modulated (FM) sweep (Pollak and Bodenhamer, 1981). Mustached bats adjust the constant-frequency component of their vocalizations to compensate for flight-induced Doppler shifts in received echoes (Jen and Kamada, 1982). Doppler shift compensation behavior is facilitated by having an auditory fovea with mechanical and physiological specializations of the cochlea and an overrepresentation of narrowly tuned neurons in the peripheral (Suga et al, 1975;Kössl and Vater, 1985) and central auditory system (Suga and Jen, 1976;Pollak and Bodenhamer, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration Tuning across Vertebrates

Aubie

Sayegh²,

Faure³

2012

J. Neurosci.

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Signal duration is important for identifying sound sources and determining signal meaning. Duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) respond preferentially to a range of stimulus durations and maximally to a best duration (BD). Duration-tuned neurons are found in the auditory midbrain of many vertebrates, although studied most extensively in bats. Studies of DTNs across vertebrates have identified cells with BDs and temporal response bandwidths that mirror the range of species-specific vocalizations. Neural tuning to stimulus duration appears to be universal among hearing vertebrates. Herein, we test the hypothesis that neural mechanisms underlying duration selectivity may be similar across vertebrates. We instantiated theoretical mechanisms of duration tuning in computational models to systematically explore the roles of excitatory and inhibitory receptor strengths, input latencies, and membrane time constant on duration tuning response profiles. We demonstrate that models of duration tuning with similar neural circuitry can be tuned with species-specific parameters to reproduce the responses of in vivo DTNs from the auditory midbrain. To relate and validate model output to in vivo responses, we collected electrophysiological data from the inferior colliculus of the awake big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, and present similar in vivo data from the published literature on DTNs in rats, mice, and frogs. Our results support the hypothesis that neural mechanisms of duration tuning may be shared across vertebrates despite species-specific differences in duration selectivity. Finally, we discuss how the underlying mechanisms of duration selectivity relate to other auditory feature detectors arising from the interaction of neural excitation and inhibition.

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“…1A Inset) (3,4). These bats change the interpulse intervals (IPIs), the initial high frequencies and terminating low frequencies of FM sweeps, the duration, and the amplitude of broadcasts according to surrounding conditions such as the distance to nearby objects (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Each sonar broadcast impinges on objects at different distances to form a stream of echoes returning at different delays.…”

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confidence: 99%

FM echolocating bats shift frequencies to avoid broadcast–echo ambiguity in clutter

Hiryu

Bates²,

Simmons

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sonar broadcasts are followed by echoes at different delays from objects at different distances. When broadcasts are emitted rapidly in cluttered surroundings, echo streams from successive broadcasts overlap and cause ambiguity in matching echoes to corresponding broadcasts. To identify reactions to ambiguity in clutter, echolocating bats that emit multiple-harmonic FM sounds were trained to fly into a dense, extended array of obstacles (multiple rows of vertically hanging chains) while the sonar sounds the bat emitted were recorded with a miniature radio microphone carried by the bat. Flight paths were reconstructed from thermal-infrared video recordings. Successive rows of chains extended more than 6 m in depth, so each broadcast was followed by a series of echoes from multiple rows of chains that lasted up to 40 ms. Bats emitted sounds in pairs ("strobe groups") at short (20-40 ms) interpulse intervals (IPIs) alternating with longer IPIs (>50 ms). For many short IPIs, the stream of echoes from the first broadcast was still arriving when the second broadcast was emitted. This overlap caused ambiguity about matching echoes with broadcasts. Bats shifted frequencies of the first sound in each strobe group upward and the second sound downward by 3-6 kHz. When overlap and ambiguity ceased, frequency shifts ceased also. Frequency differences were small compared with the total broadcast band, which was 75-80 kHz wide, but the harmonic structure of echoes enhances the differences in spectrograms. Bats could use time-frequency comparisons of echoes with broadcasts to assign echoes to the corresponding broadcasts and thus avoid ambiguity.bat sonar | clutter interference | echo delay | FM sounds

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Analysis of orientation signals emitted by the CF-FM bat,Pteronotus p. parnellii and the FM bat,Eptesicus fuscus during avoidance of moving and stationary obstacles

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

Tight coordination of aerial flight maneuvers and sonar call production in insectivorous bats

Tight coordination of aerial flight maneuvers and sonar call production in insectivorous bats

Duration Tuning across Vertebrates

FM echolocating bats shift frequencies to avoid broadcast–echo ambiguity in clutter

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