Analysis of organic components in resin‐modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). A similar organic composition was found for Ultra-Blend and Calcimol; however, only Ultra-Blend is indicated for direct pulp-capping. In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm ) than in the other materials. Pores were quantified in all samples by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, which could influence leaching. The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures.

Bond strength and adaptation of pulp capping materials to dentin

“…However, the high content of calcium silicate cement in Theracal LC can cause poor light transmission, and it also contains high molecular weight monomers, leading to a low level of polymerization (Alshali, Silikas, & Satterthwaite, ). A previous study observed that the polymerization of Theracal LC specimens with a 1‐mm thickness was not completed at the bottom surface, suggesting the Theracal LC contents are not optimal for light curing (Nilsen, Jensen, Ortengren, & Michelsen, ). The lower polymerization rate at the bottom surface leads to less polymerization stress and consequently, good adaptation, but this result in more released resin monomers, which could be detrimental for pulp cells in clinical use.…”

Bio-Inductive Materials in Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping—A Review Article

“…Those findings were attributed to the presence of acrylic monomer Bis-GMA in the material. However, it should be noted that Bis-GMA was not detected, despite being listed in the safety data sheet provided by the supplier [124]. Presence of resin in the pulp capping agent which may remain unpolymerized is often associated with adverse pulpal reactions that lead to pulp toxicity and inflammation.…”

Airborne exposure to gaseous and particle‐associated organic substances in resin‐based dental materials during restorative procedures

“…However, despite having a similar CAS number, the substances in the reference substance did not match the substances present in ceram.x universal. A similar problem concerning reference substances and CAS numbers has been previously reported . A CAS registry number is a unique numeric identifier that designates only one substance .…”