Analysis of Oral Mucosa of Users of Crack through Micronucleus Technique

Almeida, Taís Corrêa; Stefanon, Eliza B C; Rech, Virgínia Cielo; Sagrillo, Michele Rorato; Bohrer, Paula Luce

doi:10.7754/clin.lab.2012.120113

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In line with our results, a study conducted by Almeida TC et al, which evaluated buccal mucosa cells of cocaine users, showed a statistically significant increase not only in MNs and PNs but also in the abnormality KX [60]. KX nuclear change was the most frequent in the exposure group, consistent with the findings of our present study.…”

Section: Effect Of Drug Abuse On the Occurrence Of Nuclear Abnormalitiessupporting

confidence: 93%

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid

Gómez-Cabrera,

González-Santiago,

Rodríguez-Mora

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Background: Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. Methods: The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. Results: We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.

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Section: Effect Of Drug Abuse On the Occurrence Of Nuclear Abnormalitiessupporting

confidence: 93%

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid

Gómez-Cabrera,

González-Santiago,

Rodríguez-Mora

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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“…All studies (11 out of 11) showed that the abuse of this substance was associated with increased oral mucosa alterations at the cellular, molecular or clinical levels. In other words, clinical analysis for oral mucosal lesions revealed an increased prevalence of oral lesions [5,7,16,17], and cellular analysis showed positive results closely related to genotoxicity (micronucleus), proliferative activity (AgNor immunoexpression) and changes in the cytoplasmic-nucleus ratio [2,3,7,[12][13][14][15]. Nonetheless, the scarcity of studies that establish a correlation between oral lesions and molecular and/or cellular changes does not allow for drawing conclusions about this potential relationship.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Cytomorphogenetic Events Correlated with Oral Mucosal Lesions Induced by Crack Cocaine Use? A Systematic Review

Guedes Pinto,

Viana,

Cury

et al. 2023

Pathophysiology

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The aim of this systematic review was to answer the question of whether crack cocaine can induce cellular and molecular alterations and whether such alterations are somehow related to clinical lesions in the oral mucosa. The searches were undertaken in three electronic databases and conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 statement. Eleven studies published between 1994 and 2020 were analyzed. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers (TGP and DAR) through a confounder’s categorization methodology, in which final ratings were attributed (strong, moderate or weak) for each study. From 11 studies included, 7 evaluated the cellular/molecular impact of the addiction in a total of 492 individuals and compared to a control (non-exposure) group (n = 472). The main tests used for cellular alteration were MN and AgNORs. Cells from crack cocaine groups exhibited increased proliferation and MN counting. Only four studies evaluated the prevalence of oral lesions. All of them showed that individuals exposed to crack cocaine presented an increased number of oral lesions. Most studies showed good quality. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that crack use may induce changes at the cellular and molecular level and also exhibit an increased number of oral lesions. However, a correlation between such changes and oral mucosa lesions still needs further investigation and elucidation through other clinical studies in humans.

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“…The detection of an increased rate of MN in populations indicates an increased risk of cancer [14]. A significant increase in the frequency of MN in oral and tongue smear of crack users has been observed in relation to non-users [13,14,15]. The absence of significant difference between crack users and non-users in the MN frequency was found probably because both groups were composed of smokers and alcohol users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MN are evident before any histopathological preneoplastic change and they are used as biomarkers of genotoxicity in populations exposed to diversified carcinogenic chemicals, such as alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs [14,15,36]. The detection of an increased rate of MN in populations indicates an increased risk of cancer [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of drugs in the oral cavity can be harmful, resulting in high number of decayed teeth, teeth loss, gingivitis, and dental plaque [12]. Inflammatory alterations of the oral mucosa associated with the presence of epithelial cells with reduced nuclear area (NA), increased cytoplasmic area (CA), presence of inflammation, micronucleus (MN), and changes in the pattern of proliferation of oral epithelial tissue have been reported in crack users [1,5,6,13,14,15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytopathological Changes Induced by the Crack Use in Oral Mucosa

Albini

Malacarne²,

Batista³

et al. 2017

Eur Addict Res

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Aims: To evaluate cytological alterations, inflammation, and microbial charge of the oral mucosa epithelium in crack users in in terms of the amount and duration of use. Methods: Two hundred thirty four crack users (case group) and 120 non-users (control group) participated in this study. Clinically healthy epithelial cells were collected from the posterior mouth floor, using the conventional exfoliative cytology. Some of the aspects evaluated were as follows: Papanicolaou classification, nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA), nuclear/cytoplasmic area ratio (NA/CA), inflammation, microbial charge, keratinization, enucleated superficial cells, and binucleation. Results: The average time of crack consumption was 9.8 years (±7.1) and the average quantity of use was 13.97 g/week (±18.5). The average NA values and NA/CA ratio were increased and CA values were decreased in the case group compared to those in the controls (p < 0.05). Papanicolaou class II, intense inflammation, and intense microbial charge were more prevalent in the case group than in the controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant association between high quantity of smoked crack rocks per week and increased CA values, absence of keratinization, and presence of enucleated superficial cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Crack use seemed to induce inflammatory alterations and early indicators of malignant transformation on the oral mucosa epithelium.

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Analysis of Oral Mucosa of Users of Crack through Micronucleus Technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid

Amelioration of Cytogenotoxic Damage in Drug Abusers Supplemented with Folic Acid

Are Cytomorphogenetic Events Correlated with Oral Mucosal Lesions Induced by Crack Cocaine Use? A Systematic Review

Cytopathological Changes Induced by the Crack Use in Oral Mucosa

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