Analysis of navigability of Web applications for improving blind usability

Takagi, Hironobu; Saito, Shin; Fukuda, Kentarou; Asakawa, Chieko

doi:10.1145/1279700.1279703

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Web accessibility Recent research on Web accessibility shows that most Web sites still fail to satisfy even the basic accessibility requirements [1,7,28]. Although there is a significant increase in the awareness of Web accessibility [2], number of projects 8 , investigation of legal issues 9 and outreach of guidelines 10 , it is still difficult for visually disabled users to use the Web [10].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is a significant increase in the awareness of Web accessibility [2], number of projects 8 , investigation of legal issues 9 and outreach of guidelines 10 , it is still difficult for visually disabled users to use the Web [10]. In fact, in a recent study, Takagi et al [28] conclude that "blind users took more than 10 times longer compared with sighted users when they purchase items on the Web". This is also consistent with the findings of Coyne and Nielson [6] and the Disability Rights Commission (DRC) [7].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problems that visually disabled users have when they access Web content are well documented [7,28]. What is less well documented is the exact nature of these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Validating the use and role of visual elements of web pages in navigation with an eye-tracking study

Yeşi̇lada

Jay

Stevens

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web

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This paper presents an eye-tracking study that examines how people use the visual elements of Web pages to complete certain tasks. Whilst these elements are available to play their role in these tasks for sighted users, it is not the case for visually disabled users. This lack of access to some visual elements of a page means that visually disabled users are hindered in accomplishing these tasks. Our previous work has introduced a framework that identifies these elements and then reengineers Web pages such that these elements can play their intended roles in an audio, as well as visual presentation. To further improve our understanding of how these elements are used and to validate our framework, we track the eye movements of sighted users performing a number of different tasks. The resulting gaze data show that there is a strong relationship between the aspects of a page that receive visual attention and the objects identified by our framework. The study also shows some limitations, as well as yielding information to address these shortcomings. Perhaps the most important result is the support provided for a particular kind of object called a Way Edge-the visual construct used to group content into sections. There is a significant effect of Way Edges on the distribution of attention across tasks. This is a result that not only provides strong evidence for the utility of re-engineering, but also has consequences for our understanding of how people allocate attention to different parts of a page. We speculate that the phenomenon of 'Banner Blindness' owes as much to Way Edges, as it does to colour and font size.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Validating the use and role of visual elements of web pages in navigation with an eye-tracking study

Yeşi̇lada

Jay

Stevens

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is worth pointing out that since there are relatively few blind people and it is often hard for them to travel, it is quite difficult to find blind participants (also pointed out in [26,22]). Hence the number of participants in any such study is necessarily quite small.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accessible On-Line Floor Plans

Goncu

Madugalla

Marinai³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web

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Better access to on-line information graphics is a pressing need for people who are blind or have severe vision impairment. We present a new model for accessible presentation of on-line information graphics and demonstrate its use for presenting floor plans. While floor plans are increasingly provided on-line, people who are blind are at best provided with only a high-level textual description. This makes it difficult for them to understand the spatial arrangement of the objects on the floor plan. Our new approach provides users with significantly better access to such plans. The users can automatically generate an accessible version of a floor plan from an on-line floor plan image quickly and independently by using a web service. This generates a simplified graphic showing the rooms, walls, doors and windows in the original floor plan as well as a textual overview. The accessible floor plan is presented on an iPad using audio feedback. As the users touch graphic elements on the screen, the element they are touching is described by speech and non-speech audio in order to help them navigate the graphic.

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“…In papers such as [1,7] methods for automatic crawling of JavaScript reliant RIA's have been introduced. These methods have spawned a variety of applications to automate beneficial tasks such as indexing for search engines [1], accessibility and usability evaluation [6,16], automatic test generation [3,11,12,13], regression testing [4], and security testing [5] to mention some.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding and Emulating Keyboard, Mouse, and Touch Interactions and Gestures while Crawling RIA’s

Nakstad

Washizaki²,

Fukazawa³

2015

International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering

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Abstract-Crawling JavaScript heavy Rich Internet Applications has been a hot topic in recent years, giving us automated tools for indexing content, test generation, and security-and accessibility evaluation to mention a few examples. However, existing crawling techniques tend to ignore user interactions beyond mouse clicking, and therefore often fail to consider potential mouse, keyboard and touch interactions. We propose a new technique for finding and exercising mouse, keyboard, and touch interactions when crawling highly interactive JavaScript-based websites by analyzing and exercising event handlers registered in the DOM. A basic form of gesture emulation is employed to find states accessible via swiping and tapping. Testing the tool against 6 well-known gesture libraries and 5 actual RIA's, we find that the technique discovers many states and transitions resulting from such interactions. Our findings indicate the technique could be useful for automatic test generation, error discovery, and accessibility evaluation, especially for mobile web applications with advanced interaction options.

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Analysis of navigability of Web applications for improving blind usability

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Validating the use and role of visual elements of web pages in navigation with an eye-tracking study

Validating the use and role of visual elements of web pages in navigation with an eye-tracking study

Accessible On-Line Floor Plans

Finding and Emulating Keyboard, Mouse, and Touch Interactions and Gestures while Crawling RIA’s

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