Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypic Lineage Distribution in Chile and Neighboring Countries

Lagos, Jaime; Couvin, David; Arata, Loredana; Tognarelli, Javier; Aguayo, Carolina; Leiva, Tamara; Arias, Fabiola; Hormázabal, Juan Carlos; Rastogi, Nalin; Fernández, Jorge Onrubia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160434

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our results indicate that the isolated Mtb strain is the SIT42 type, which is among the most widespread spoligotype in humans worldwide ( 31 – 34 ), thus supporting the hypothesis of a human-to-dog transmission. This genotype is also reported to be strongly associated to multidrug resistance (MDR), mostly among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients ( 35 , 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 Infection in an Abused Dog in Southern Italy

et al. 2021

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A case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is described in a dead adult male dog in Southern Italy. The carcass was found by the Health Authority in a gypsy encampment. It was admitted to our forensic veterinary medicine unit, with a suspicion of cruelty to the animal. Necropsy showed beating and traumatism signs, and mistreating was confirmed. Gross lesions included multiple nodular hepatic lesions, hemorrhagic enteritis with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, body cavity effusions, and an adrenal neoplasm. Bacteriological and molecular analyses were carried out on the liver lesions that enabled to identify M. tuberculosis SIT42 (LAM9). Drug-resistance patterns were evaluated by screening mutations on the rpoB and katG genes that showed susceptibility to both rifampin and isoniazid, respectively. Very few studies report canine tuberculosis, and little is known about the disease in Italy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 infection in a dog in Italy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 Infection in an Abused Dog in Southern Italy

et al. 2021

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“…However, it might have remained undetected due to limitations in the study's sample representativeness. Subsequent nation-wide studies of M. tuberculosis lineages demonstrated the Beijing lineage in Colombia (10), where the first case of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by a rare Beijing strain was reported, and more recently, in Chile (9,11), where Beijing strains were found in isolates from Santiago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the remaining three countries (Chile, Colombia and Ecuador) no Beijing isolates were identified. Subsequent nationwide studies, however, found Beijing lineage isolates in Colombia and Chile (9)(10)(11). Ecuador is the only country among those considered in the study where this lineage had not been reported yet.…”

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confidence: 81%

Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage in Ecuador

et al. 2017

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Introducción. Los aislados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis pertenecientes al linaje Beijing son considerados especialmente virulentos, transmisibles y con mayor tendencia a la adquisición de resistencias. El linaje Beijing ha sido descrito en todo el mundo, sin embargo estudios al respecto son más escasos en Latinoamérica. El único estudio multinacional realizado en la region detectó una distribución heterogénea de este linaje, estando ausente en Chile, Colombia y Ecuador. Estudios nacionales posteriores ya identificaron aislados Beijing en Chile y Colombia.Objetivo. Analizar la presencia del linaje Beijing de M. tuberculosis en Ecuador, el único país en la región en el que aún permanece inédito.Materiales y métodos. Se analizó una muestra de conveniencia (2006-2012), obtenida de dos hospitales que cubrían poblaciones diferentes. El genotipado de los aislados de M. tuberculosis se realizó por 24-MIRU-VNTR. La asignación de linajes se realizó mediante comparación de los patrones genotípicos con los incluidos en la plataforma MIRU-VNTRplus y aquellos pertenecientes al linaje Beijing fueron confirmados mediante PCR alelo-específica.Resultados. Se identificó el primer aislado Beijing descrito en Ecuador, en un escenario epidemiológico inesperado, infectando a un paciente de la región andina, en una comunidad con escasa movilidad y alejada de las fronteras con los países limítrofes, Perú y Colombia, en los que ya se han identificado aislados de M. tuberculosis pertenecientes al linaje Beijing.Conclusiones. Este trabajo constituye la primera descripción de la presencia del linaje Beijing de M. tuberculosis en Ecuador, y sugiere un contexto epidemiológico singular que merece especial atención.

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“…The sublineages with the lowest prevalence are Beijing (0.99%), S (0.3%), Cameroon (0.16%), and AFRI (0.16%), belonging to lineages 2 and 4 (Table 1). The Beijing sublineage is of interest because of its high pathogenicity and virulence present in the urban population of Chile due to migration from Peru and Venezuela (Balcells et al, 2015;Lagos et al, 2016;Meza et al, 2014).…”

Section: Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soto Cabezas et al, 2020 reported that almost half of the XDR-TB cases analyzed (48%) had no previous anti-TB treatment, which highlights the need to evaluate TB control programs. For bordering countries, both Ecuador and Chile have reported an increase in Beijing sublineage strains, making Ecuador and Colombia additional areas identified as critical or hotspots for the prevalence of lineage 2 (Garzon-Chavez et al, 2020;Lagos et al, 2016).…”

Section: Brazil and Peru Are Hotspots For Tuberculosis In South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages in South America

Vinueza

Paola

2021

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Molecular genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis allows for the identification of circulating lineages and sublineages in the population and their relationship with migratory movements. The purpose of this review is to describe the phylogeography of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reported in South American countries that was analyzed using genotyping tools, analyze the Tuberculosis hotspots for the region and determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Tuberculosis control program. The Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) sublineage belonging to the Euro-American lineage (Lineage 4) presents the highest prevalence in South America and is followed by the Beijing sublineage belonging to the East Asian lineage (Lineage 2). The Beijing sublineage is considered of worldwide interest because of its association with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is almost entirely distributed in South America, with Peru being the country with the highest prevalence for this sublineage. On the other hand, the Indo-Oceanic (Lineage 1), India-East Asia (Lineage 3) and West- African 2 (Lineage 6) sublineages have been reported with lower prevalence in South America. The molecular techniques used in the genotyping studies for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South America were as follows: typing by complementary oligonucleotide spacer sequences (Spoligotyping), restriction-hybridization patterns (IS6110-RFLP, PGRS-RFLP), mycobacterial interspaced repeat units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). At present, Brazil and Peru are the hotspots for tuberculosis and MDR-TB in South America, where the control of tuberculosis wholly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there have been significant impacts on containment programs and possible post-pandemic scenarios such that scientific contributions will need to be evaluated and implemented with new strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control of Tuberculosis.

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Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genotypic Lineage Distribution in Chile and Neighboring Countries

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 Infection in an Abused Dog in Southern Italy

Mycobacterium tuberculosis SIT42 Infection in an Abused Dog in Southern Italy

Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage in Ecuador

Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages in South America

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