Analysis of Mutual Circadian Pacemaker Coupling between the Two Eyes of Bulla

Roberts, Michael H.; Block, Gene D.

doi:10.1177/074873048600100107

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Besides insects, there have been some instances that efferent temporal information plays a role in pacemaker coupling. Those are marine mollusks Bulla gouldiana (Roberts and Block 1985) and Bursatella leachi plei (Roberts et al 1987). In those animals, the ocular circadian pacemakers couple to one another by the exchange of optic nerve impulses from eye to eye.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. Yukizane Biological Institute, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan laterally paired circadian pacemakers are probably the best model to understand the time keeping mechanism. Such interactions have been investigated in some mollusks (Roberts and Block 1985) and insects (Page 1981(Page , 1983Wiedenmann 1983;Tomioka et al 1991;Tomioka 1993), since these animals have pacemakers in anatomically separated bilateral structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Optic lobe circadian pacemaker sends its information to the contralateral optic lobe in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

1994

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The bilaterally paired optic lobe pacemakers of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus are mutually coupled.In the present study we recorded the neural activity conveyed from the brain toward the optic lobe with a suction electrode to examine the coupling signals. The results demonstrated that the brain efferents to the optic lobe encode the circadian information: .Both in constant light (LL) and constant darkness (DD), the neural activity of brain efferents showed a clear circadian rhythm with a nocturnal peak. Since the rhythm survived the severance of the contralateral optic nerve but disappeared when the contralateral optic lobe was removed, it is apparent that the rhythm originates from the contralateral optic lobe. The amplitude of the rhythm was greater in LL than in DD, suggesting that light affects the amplitude of the rhythm. This was confirmed by the fact that the light-induced response was under circadian control, being greater during the subjective night. These data suggest that the bilaterally paired optic lobe pacemakers exchange circadian information as well as light information. The data are also consistent with the results of previous behavioral experiment.

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Section: Comparison With Other Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Optic lobe circadian pacemaker sends its information to the contralateral optic lobe in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

1994

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“…The hypothesis that the mutual coupling is achieved by mutual exchange of the circadian information between pacemakers has been stressed in several opisthobranch molluscan species (Roberts and Block 1985). Pacemakers in such animals are located in the retina and send circadian information coded into the impulse frequency not only to the brain but also to the contralateral retina.…”

Section: Pathway For Modulation Of Freerunning Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, the system includes two coupled circadian pacemakers, which reside in bilaterally paired structures in the central nervous system. The coupled pacemakers usually keep a steady phase relationship with each other to maintain a stable temporal structure through mutual interactions (Page 1978;Wiedenmann 1983;Roberts and Block 1985;Meijer and Rietveld 1989;Tomioka et al 1991). Several studies have focused on the mutual interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, the pacemakers in the optic lobe are said to be mutually coupled through a polysynaptic pathway (Page 1978). The coupling pathway mediating mutual entrainment between ocular pacemakers in Bulla consists of the optic nerves, the cerebral ganglia, and the cerebral commissure (Roberts and Block 1985). In Gryllus bimaculatus, it has been suggested that the medulla large neurons directly connecting the bilateral medullae mediate the neural information for the mutual interaction, since the circadian rhythm in the brain efferents toward the optic lobe disappeared after the partial destruction of the contralateral optic stalk including those neurons (Tomioka et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural pathways involved in mutual interactions between optic lobe circadian pacemakers in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Yukizane

Tomioka

1995

J Comp Physiol A

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The circadian locomotor rhythm of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus is primarily generated by a pair of optic lobe circadian pacemakers. The two pacemakers mutually interact to keep a stable temporal structure in the locomotor activity. The interaction has two principal effects on the activity rhythm, i.e., phasedependent modulation of the freerunning period and phase-dependent suppression of activity driven by the partner pacemaker. Both effects were mediated by neural pathways, since they were immediately abolished after the optic stalk connecting the optic medulla to the lobula was unilaterally severed. The neural pathways were examined by recording locomotor activity, under a 13 h light to 13 h dark cycle, after the optic nerves were unilaterally severed and the contralateral optic stalk was partially destroyed near the lobula. When the dorsal half of the optic stalk was severed, locomotor rhythm mostly split into two components: one was readily entrained to the given light-dark cycle and the other freeran with a marked fluctuation in freerunning period, where the period of the freerunning component was lengthened or shortened when the onset of the entrained component occurred during its subjective night or day, respectively. The phase-dependent modulation of activity was also observed in both components. However, severance of the ventral half of the optic stalk resulted in appearance only of the freerunning component; neither the phase-dependent modulation of its freerunning period nor the change in activity level was observed. These results suggest that neurons driving the mutual interaction and the overt activity rhythm run in the ventral half of the proximal optic stalk that includes axons of large medulla neurons projecting to the cerebral lobe and the contralateral medulla.

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Amine and amino acid transmitters in the eye of the molluscBulla gouldiana: An immunocytochemical study

2000

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We identified putative transmitters of the photoreceptors and circadian pacemaker neurons and found candidates for efferent control in the eye of the marine mollusc Bulla gouldiana. Established antisera against octopamine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine were used, and central ganglia were processed in parallel to evaluate general staining quality. Photoreceptors and circadian pacemaker cells both expressed immunoreactivity for glutamate and taurine. The eye and its sheath were devoid of GABA-like immunoreactive material, and none of the antisera directed against biogenic amines labelled cells or processes in the nervous tissue of the eye. However, dopamine and octopamine antisera stained large spherical granules (diameter 2-3 microm) contained in granular cells that are located in the connective tissue encapsulating the eye and the optic nerve. The serotonin antiserum revealed a sparse distribution of varicose axon fibers in the optic nerve and eye sheath. No histamine-immunoreactive processes were revealed in the eye. The functional significance of these findings for the molluscan eye and its circadian clock is discussed.

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Analysis of Mutual Circadian Pacemaker Coupling between the Two Eyes of Bulla

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Optic lobe circadian pacemaker sends its information to the contralateral optic lobe in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Optic lobe circadian pacemaker sends its information to the contralateral optic lobe in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Neural pathways involved in mutual interactions between optic lobe circadian pacemakers in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

Amine and amino acid transmitters in the eye of the molluscBulla gouldiana: An immunocytochemical study

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