Analysis of Mumps Vaccine Failure by Means of Avidity Testing for Mumps Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin G

Narita, Mitsuo; Matsuzono, Yoshihiro; Takekoshi, Yasuo; Yamada, Satoshi; Itakura, Osamu; Kubota, Minoru; Kikuta, Hídeaki; Togashi, Takehiro

doi:10.1128/cdli.5.6.799-803.1998

Cited by 75 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Low avidity of antibodies is characteristic for the acute phase of infection while high avidity indicates past infection. The shift from low to high avidity occurs usually 100±150 days after the infection [32]. The maturation of antibody avidity is influenced by various factors which regulate the balance of the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus B4 antigen in prediabetic children

Heino

Lönnrot

Knip

et al. 2001

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYEnterovirus infections are a potential environmental trigger of the autoimmune process leading to clinical type 1 diabetes. It has been suggested that the risk of virus-induced beta-cell damage might be connected with a defect in humoral immune responsiveness to enteroviruses. In the present study we assessed whether such a defect in IgG responsiveness to coxsackievirus B4 antigen existed in young children who developed diabetes-associated autoantibodies during prospective observation from birth until the age of 18 months. IgG levels and maturation of antibody avidity were analysed in 21 children with autoantibodies and 41 control children who had experienced an equal number of enterovirus infections and were additionally matched for age, sex and HLA-DQB1 risk alleles for type 1 diabetes but had not produced diabetes-associated autoantibodies. IgG levels to coxsackievirus B4 were high in cord serum reflecting the presence of maternal antibodies. Mean IgG levels gradually decreased but began to increase after the age of 6 months, showing no significant difference between autoantibody positive and control children. The avidity of antibodies was strong in cord serum and decreased gradually during the first year of life when maternal antibodies disappeared. The avidity indices, which varied considerably from child to child, did not differ between the autoantibody-positive and -negative subjects. In conclusion, our data suggest that children affected by a beta-cell damaging autoimmune process show normal responses to coxsackievirus B4 antigens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus B4 antigen in prediabetic children

Heino

Lönnrot

Knip

et al. 2001

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…It is interesting to note that about 55.2% of healthy individuals are positive by FRNT (National Institute of Virology, 2014). Because of the unavailability of a mumps IgG avidity testing facility, recent or past mumps infection could not be determined in these individuals with suspected mumps, as described in previous studies (7,16). Altogether, 26.34% of specimens from individuals suspected clinically of having mumps showed neither MuV RNA nor MuV IgM antibodies; those individuals may therefore not have had true mumps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Utility of neutralization test for laboratory diagnosis of suspected mumps

Vaidya

Hamde²,

Kumbhar

et al. 2018

Microbiology and Immunology

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Mumps is an infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV), which belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Rubulavirus. Typical symptoms of mumps include fever and swelling of the parotid glands; however, mumps can be asymptomatic. Mumps is diagnosed by molecular and serological methods (i.e., PCR and Enzyme Immunoassay [EIA]); however, both methods have pros and cons. This study was performed to compare the diagnostic utility of a focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) to that of MuV-specific commercial IgM and IgG antibody EIA in patients suspected of having mumps. One hundred-eighty six samples collected during mumps outbreak in 2012-16 were studied. Samples (n = 80) were tested by all the three serological assays and showed 70.4%, 83% and 92.5% positivity by IgM EIA, IgG and FRNT, respectively. In all, 58.8% samples (n = 47) tested positive in all three assays. Concordance between mumps RT-PCR and IgM EIA was highest during the first 2-5 days and decreased with increasing time post-onset. Mumps FRNT results agreed with those of RT-PCR/IgM EIA from the second week onwards, whereas the results of mumps IgG EIA agreed with those of RT-PCR/IgM EIA from post-onset days 3-10. These findings suggest the utility of a FRNT for laboratory diagnosis of mumps in countries whose populations are not immunized against this infection.

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“…Assessment of IgG avidity was used to differentiate between primary vaccine failure (PVF) and secondary vaccine failure (SVF). IgG avidity was measured using the IgG ELISA and 6 M urea as described previously [16]. According to the manufacturer's instruction, OD values of 0.1-2.5 allow calculation of IgG titres.…”

Section: Serological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a system established previously, an AI £31 was considered to represent low avidity, while values ‡32 were considered to represent high avidity [16]. Other aetiologies were excluded by testing serum for antibodies to parainfluenza virus types 1-3 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [17].…”

Section: Serological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mumps vaccine failure investigation in Novosibirsk, Russia, 2002–2004

Atrasheuskaya

Kulak

Rubin

et al. 2007

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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The aims of this study were to estimate the importance of vaccine failure (VF) in cases of mumps during 2002-2004 in the city of Novosibirsk, Western Siberia, Russia, and to genotype the responsible virus strain. Mumps virus-specific RT-PCR testing of saliva was performed for 18 cases of mumps. Sera were tested for IgM and IgG, IgG avidity, and the ability to neutralise a panel of mumps viruses, including the Leningrad-3 mumps vaccine virus. Of the 12 patients for whom vaccination status was positively determined, 11 showed serological evidence of primary VF. Sequence analysis of virus RNA amplified from saliva revealed a genotype C2 virus in 2002, a genotype H2 virus in 2003, and both genotypes in 2004. Although several vaccinated patients were positive for mumps virus IgG at the time of first sampling, only nominal levels of neutralising antibody were detected, and these were effective in neutralising the vaccine strain, but not genotype C and H mumps virus strains. These results suggest that the majority of cases of mumps in vaccinees are caused by primary VF, defined as either a lack of seroconversion or a lack of IgG maturity, as based on avidity testing. The results also support the hypothesis that sera of low neutralising antibody titre have a limited ability to neutralise heterologous mumps virus strains, suggesting that antigenic differences between circulating and mumps vaccine virus strains may play a role in cases of breakthrough infection. Consistent with previous reports, mumps virus genotypes C and H continue to circulate in Novosibirsk.

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Analysis of Mumps Vaccine Failure by Means of Avidity Testing for Mumps Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin G

Cited by 75 publications

References 22 publications

No evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus B4 antigen in prediabetic children

No evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus B4 antigen in prediabetic children

Utility of neutralization test for laboratory diagnosis of suspected mumps

Mumps vaccine failure investigation in Novosibirsk, Russia, 2002–2004

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