Analysis of multiclass organic pollutant in municipal landfill leachate by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Abstract

We propose a simple, fast and inexpensive method for the analyses of 72 organic compounds in municipal landfill leachate, based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 41 organic compounds belonging to several classes including hydrocarbons, mono-and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds, terpenes, terpenoids, phenols, amines, and phthalates, covering a wide range of physicochemical properties and linked to municipal landfill leachate, were quantitatively determined. Another 31 organic compounds such as indoles, pyrroles, glycols, organophosphate flame retardants, aromatic amines and amides, pharmaceuticals, bisphenol A etc. have been identified based on their mass spectra. The developed method provides good performances in terms of extraction recovery (63.8 -127%), intra-day and inter-day precisions (<7.7 and <13.9 respectively), linearity (R 2 between 0,9669 -0.9999), detection limit (1.01 -69.30 µg L -1 ), quantification limit (1.87 -138.6 µg L -1 ) and 2 enrichment factor (69.6 -138.5). Detailed information on the organic pollutants contained in municipal landfill leachate could be obtained with this method during a 40 minute analysis of a 4 mL leachate sample, using only 75 µL of extraction solvent.

Simultaneous Determination of Steroids and NSAIDs, Using DLLME-SFO Extraction and HPLC Analysis, in Milk and Eggs Collected from Rural Roma Communities in Transylvania, Romania

“…The minimum values (−1), the center point (0), and the maximum values (+1) for each variable are presented in Table 5. The desirability approach was used for the simultaneous optimization of variables to achieve maximum extraction recovery [41,42]. To this end, better individual desirability (value 1) corresponded to higher extraction recovery, while poor individual desirability (value 0) corresponded to zero extraction recovery, with a linear variation between these two values.…”

30th Anniversary of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography: Latest advances

“…Although nowadays many contaminants, such as pesticides, halogenated compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are recognized as priority pollutants regulated under environmental laws, contaminants of emerging concerns are not currently under any regulations but might be under investigation for future regulation. In such context, advanced separation methods such as GC×GC presenting enhanced peak capacity and sensitivity are preferable to monitor multi-class contaminants in diverse and complex environmental samples such as water, 71,72 wastewater, 73,74 aerosol, [75][76][77] and oil. 78,79 Meza et al used GC×GC to characterize biologically active micropollutants in hospital wastewater and to evaluate the efficiency of the wastewater treatment for such pollutants removal.…”

New Analytical Method for Determination of Phthalates in Wastewater by on Line LC-GC-MS Using the TOTAD Interface and Fraction Collector

“…Beldean-Galea et al (2013) developed a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-qMS) for the identification of organic pollutants in landfill leachates, including PAEs, with preliminary solvent extraction [37]. Later, the same author used SPME [39] and DLLME [40] for the extraction procedure. Reliable and sensitive analytical methods are necessary for the determination and quantification of PAEs in leachate samples.…”