Analysis of Multi-Chemical Transmission in the Macro-Scale

Abstract

Molecular communications (MC) offers an alternative to established methods (i.e., electromagnetic waves), in areas where the latter might prove ineffective (e.g., underwater or underground) due to the environment's effect on the transmitted signal. In such environments the use of particle (i.e., chemical) based communication may offer a better solution. One of the unique attributes of MC is its ability to employ chemicals as messengers, and transmitting multiple chemicals concurrently offers the potential to significantly increase the information content of the message. In this work, for the first time, the transmission of multiple chemicals with unique mass-to-charge ratios, was studied experimentally and modeled theoretically. Three modulation methods have been proposed and analyzed based on exploiting the uniqueness of the messenger chemicals. Molecular transmission was achieved using an in-house-built odor generator and detection was accomplished by means of a quadrupole mass analyzer. The noise was analyzed for multi-MC and was shown to possess additive white Gaussian noise characteristics with different mean (µ), but similar variance (σ 2) values. It was shown experimentally that multiple chemical transmission is both feasible and advantageous compared to single chemical transmission and the proposed modulation methods exhibit unique advantages that can be used for different scenarios.

Fast two-beam collisions in a linear optical medium with weak cubic loss in spatial dimension higher than 1

“…Furthermore, controlled experiments of chemical communication via a gaseous medium with a single chemical and with two chemicals were reported in Refs. [29,30]. The latter studies also demonstrated that the chemical communication links can indeed be described by diffusion-advection models.…”

Salinity-Based Molecular Communication in Microfluidic Channels

“…In the following years, many different types of testbeds have been proposed, which can be associated with different disciplines in science and technology. The testbeds can be classified as macro-scale (e.g., [13]) and micro-scale (e.g., [14]) and at the micro-scale a distinction can be made between biological (e.g., [15]) and non-biological (e.g., [16]) setups. A comprehensive overview of MC testbeds can be found in [17], [18].…”

Salinity-Based Molecular Communication in Microfluidic Channels

“…In the following years, many different types of testbeds have been proposed, which can be associated with different disciplines in science and technology. The testbeds can be classified as macro-scale (e.g., [13]) and micro-scale (e.g., [14]) and at the micro-scale a distinction can be made between biological (e.g., [15]) and non-biological (e.g., [16]) setups. A comprehensive overview of MC testbeds can be found in [17], [18].…”