Analysis of Multi-Antenna GNSS Receiver Performance under Jamming Attacks

Vagle, Niranjana; Broumandan, Ali; Lachapelle, G.

doi:10.3390/s16111937

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(3) Countermeasures for signal cancellation and rank deficiency problem are faced with array aperture loss (spatial smoothing) or requirement of rigorous system control (moving array). (4) The state-of-the-art performance analysis is given by providing some experiment scenarios with specific parameters (Vagle et al, 2016a(Vagle et al, , 2016bGarcía-Molina and Fernández-Rubio, 2019). The beam forming performance is closely related to the array setting and the source signal parameters, and the performance metrics are seldom linked to GNSS measurement.…”

Section: Gaps Between Literature and Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost-effective beam forming structure for global navigation satellite system multipath mitigation and its assessment

Jia

Hsu

et al. 2020

J. Navigation

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Array antenna beam forming has high potential to improve the performance of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in urban areas. However, the widespread application of array antennas for GNSS multipath mitigation is restricted by many factors, such as the complexity of the system, the computation load and conflicts between required performance, cost budget and limited room for the antenna placement. The scope of this work is triplicate. (1) The pre-correlation beam forming structure is first suggested for multipath mitigation to decrease the system complexity. (2) With the pre-correlation structure, the equivalence of adaptive beam forming to quiescent beam forming is revealed. Therefore, the computational load for beam forming is greatly decreased. (3) A theoretical model is established to link the benefits of beam forming with GNSS performance improvement in terms of pseudorange quality. The model can be used by industry to balance the aforementioned restrictions. Numerical results with different array settings are given, and a 2 × 2 rectangle array with $0.4\lambda $ element spacing is suggested as a cost-effective choice in GNSS positioning applications in urban canyon areas.

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Section: Gaps Between Literature and Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost-effective beam forming structure for global navigation satellite system multipath mitigation and its assessment

Jia

Hsu

et al. 2020

J. Navigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The jamming is aim to degrade the carrier to noise ratio of the victim receiver and prevent it from performing signal acquisition and tracking [ 3 ]. Fortunately, it is easy to detect and mitigate jamming due to the high power and different structure from genuine GNSS signals [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. As an effective anti-jamming technology, spatial processing based on an antenna array can suppress the interference by forming nulls toward the direction of jamming [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, it is easy to detect and mitigate jamming due to the high power and different structure from genuine GNSS signals [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. As an effective anti-jamming technology, spatial processing based on an antenna array can suppress the interference by forming nulls toward the direction of jamming [ 7 ]. Compared with a typical jammer, a spoofer that counterfeits GNSS signals or retransmits genuine signals is more sinister, which will lead to a hazardously misleading position or time [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatial-Temporal Approach Based on Antenna Array for GNSS Anti-Spoofing

Zhao

Shen

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The presence of spoofing signals poses a significant threat to global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning applications, as it could cause a malfunction of the positioning service. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to present a spatial-temporal technique that enables GNSS receivers to reliably detect and suppress spoofing. The technique, which is based on antenna array, can be divided into two consecutive stages. In the first stage, an improved eigen space spectrum is constructed for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. To this end, a signal preprocessing scheme is provided to solve the signal model mismatch in the DOA estimation for navigation signals. In the second stage, we design an optimization problem for power estimation with the estimated DOA as support information. After that, the spoofing detection is achieved by combining power comparison and cross-correlation monitoring. Finally, we enhance the genuine signals by beamforming while the subspace oblique projection is used to suppress spoofing. The proposed technique does not depend on external hardware and can be readily implemented on raw digital baseband signal before the despreading of GNSS receivers. Crucially, the low-power spoofing attack and multipath can be distinguished and mitigated by this technique. The estimated DOA and power are both beneficial for subsequent spoofing localization. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

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“…Adaptive notch filters are an effective solution used to mitigate jamming and extend the capabilities of GNSS operations. These filters are capable of tracking frequency variations of a jamming signal, pulse blanking or adaptive beamforming based on the multi-antenna solution [18,19]. The use of controlled reception pattern antennas (CRPA) is beneficial since they provide significant anti-jamming protection [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Vulnerability of Several Geodetic GNSS Receivers under Chirp Signal L1/E1 Jamming

Bažec

Dimc

Pavlovčič-Prešeren

2020

Sensors

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Understanding the factors that might intentionally influence the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals can be a challenging topic today. The focus of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of geodetic GNSS receivers under the use of a low-cost L1/E1 frequency jammer. A suitable area for testing was established in Slovenia. Nine receivers from different manufacturers were under consideration in this study. While positioning, intentional 3-minute jammings were performed by a jammer that was located statically at different distances from receivers. Furthermore, kinematic disturbances were performed using a jammer placed in a vehicle that passed the testing area at various speeds. An analysis of different scenarios indicated that despite the use of an L1/E1 jammer, the GLONASS (Russian: Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) and Galileo signals were also affected, either due to the increased carrier-to-noise-ratio (C/N0) or, in the worst cases, by a loss-of-signal. A jammer could substantially affect the position, either with a lack of any practical solution or even with a wrong position. Maximal errors in the carrier-phase positions, which should be considered a concern for geodesy, differed by a few metres from the exact solution. The factor that completely disabled the signal reception was the proximity of a jammer, regardless of its static or kinematic mode.

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Analysis of Multi-Antenna GNSS Receiver Performance under Jamming Attacks

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

A cost-effective beam forming structure for global navigation satellite system multipath mitigation and its assessment

A cost-effective beam forming structure for global navigation satellite system multipath mitigation and its assessment

A Spatial-Temporal Approach Based on Antenna Array for GNSS Anti-Spoofing

Evaluating the Vulnerability of Several Geodetic GNSS Receivers under Chirp Signal L1/E1 Jamming

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