Analysis of Misalignment in the Tension Test

Wu, Han; Rummler, D. R.

doi:10.1115/1.3443653

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Transverse and rotational misalignment may occur between the specimen's longitudinal axis and the setup's loading axis. This can cause significant bending stresses, invalidating the assumed stress and strain state [58,61,[63][64][65] and possibly leading to premature failure.…”

Section: Design Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

On-wafer time-dependent high reproducibility nano-force tensile testing

Bergers¹,

Hoefnagels²,

Geers³

2014

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Time-dependent mechanical investigations of on-wafer specimens are of interest for improving the reliability of thin metal film microdevices. This paper presents a novel methodology, addressing key challenges in creep and anelasticity investigations through on-wafer tensile tests, achieving highly reproducible force and specimen deformation measurements and loading states. The methodology consists of a novel approach for precise loading using a pinin-hole gripper and a high-precision specimen alignment system based on three-dimensional image tracking and optical profilometry resulting in angular alignment of <0.1 mrad and near-perfect co-linearity. A compact test system enables in situ tensile tests of on-wafer specimens under light and electron microscopy. Precision force measurement over a range of 0.07 µN to 250 mN is realized based on a simple drift-compensated elastically-hinged load cell with high-precision deflection measurement. The specimen deformation measurement, compensated for drift through image tracking, yields displacement reproducibility of <6 nm. Proof of principle tensile experiments are performed on 5 µm-thick aluminum-alloy thin film specimens, demonstrating reproducible Young's modulus measurement of 72.6 ± 3.7 GPa. Room temperature creep experiments show excellent stability of the force measurement and underline the methodology's high reproducibility and suitability for time-dependent nanoforce tensile testing of on-wafer specimens.

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Section: Design Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

On-wafer time-dependent high reproducibility nano-force tensile testing

Bergers¹,

Hoefnagels²,

Geers³

2014

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…returns to the geometric centerline of the specimen at large strain. Although strain rate was not considered a :factor in the work of Wu and Rummeler [3], it is seen that the formulation of [3] belongs to that of the uniform strain rate formulation and the N.A. would also return 'to the geometric centerline at larger strain level.…”

Section: Misalignment Errors Of the Top (E T) And Bottom (E B ) Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this investigation does not cover the effect of misalignment in the elastic range, it is expected that a result similar to that of Ref. [3] prevails, i.e., the misalignment effect is very significant near the interface between the elastic and plastic ranges, or the knee portion of the stress-strain curve.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [3], a comprehensive analysis of misalignment effect was presented for tension test under static loading condition. In the analysis, three cases of misalignment were considered, which were the symmetric case, the cantilever case, and the case of the pinned specimen with eccentricity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For simplicity, rectangular specimens of the sheet type are considered in this investigation. Only the symmetric case of misalignment is studied due to the finding of [3) that this is the most severe case. Specimens of 1100-0 aluminum have been chosen for investigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Test System Misalignment in the Dynamic Tension Test

Wang

Yip

1982

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology

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An analysis of test system misalignment is presented for dynamic tension test. Sheet type rectangular 1100-0 aluminum specimens are used for discussion.For a constant strain rate tension test, the strain rate is constant only on the neutral axis of the specimen. The following resultF have been obtained: (a) The lower the strain rate is,the more significant the misalignment errors become. (b) Misalignment errors of 50% have been found at the extreme fibers of the specimen. (c) The strain rate variation in the cross-section decreases with increasing plastic strain and vanishes at plastic strain equal to 0.8% at the midspan of the spec-mien.. (d) The neutral axis will shift toward the centerline of the specimen as the plastic strain increases. But, it will reach a limit and will not completely move back to the centerline.A more restricted uniform strain rate formulation is also presented.The result is compared with that of the nonuniform strain rate formulation. In [3], a comprehensive analysis of misalignment effect was presented for tension test under static loading condition. In the analysis, three cases of misalignment were considered, which were the symmetric case, the cantilever case, and the case of the pinned specimen with eccentricity. It was found that the symmetric case is the most critical one as far as the effect of misalignment is concerned. In addition, Wu and Rummler concluded that the stressstrain curve is significantly affected by misalignment at strain levels corresponding to the knee portion of the stress-strain curve. Moreover, the strain at the outermost fivers of the specimen is strongly affected by misalignment and the misalignment effects are smaller for load trains with longer pull rods.The dynamic mechanical properties of materials have become increasingly important in the recent years. Tension tests have been conducted at various fixed strain rates to determine the dynamic behavior of materials. The problem h of test system alignment which exists in the static test would also carry over to the dynamic test. However, to the present investigators' knowledge, the alignment problem under dynamic tensile load has not been investigated in the literature. I41J A

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A Review Study of Differences Between Alignment Verification Standards

Kacar

Aydemir

2022

MAPAN

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Analysis of Misalignment in the Tension Test

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

On-wafer time-dependent high reproducibility nano-force tensile testing

On-wafer time-dependent high reproducibility nano-force tensile testing

The Effect of Test System Misalignment in the Dynamic Tension Test

A Review Study of Differences Between Alignment Verification Standards

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