Analysis of MIR-18 results for physical and biological dosimetry: radiation shielding effectiveness in LEO

Cucinotta, Francis A.; Wilson, John W.; Williams, J. Raymond; Dicello, J. F.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(99)00273-5

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, stable complex rearrangements (such as insertions) may be useful in retrospective biodosimetry of high-LET radiation exposure (Anderson et al, 2003;Hande et al, 2003). Estimates of the yield of complex damage from space missions based on a space transport model (Cucinotta et al, 2000), and groundbased accelerator data (George et al, 2003b) are underway to support the understanding of this problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Durante

Andō²,

Furusawa³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been suggested that the ratio complex/simple exchanges can be used as a biomarker of exposure to high-LET radiation. We tested this hypothesis in vivo, by considering data from several studies that measured complex exchanges in peripheral blood from humans exposed to mixed fields of low- and high-LET radiation. In particular, we studied data from astronauts involved in long-term missions in low-Earth-orbit, and uterus cancer patients treated with accelerated carbon ions. Data from two studies of chromosomal aberrations in astronauts used blood samples obtained before and after space flight, and a third study used blood samples from patients before and after radiotherapy course. Similar methods were used in each study, where lymphocytes were stimulated to grow in vitro, and collected after incubation in either colcemid or calyculin A. Slides were painted with whole-chromosome DNA fluorescent probes (FISH), and complex and simple chromosome exchanges in the painted genome were classified separately. Complex-type exchanges were observed at low frequencies in control subjects, and in our test subjects before the treatment. No statistically significant increase in the yield of complex-type exchanges was induced by the space flight. Radiation therapy induced a high fraction of complex exchanges, but no significant differences could be detected between patients treated with accelerated carbon ions or X-rays. Complex chromosomal rearrangements do not represent a practical biomarker of radiation quality in our test subjects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Space flight missions ranged from 2 to 6 months, and dose measurements by thermoluminescence dosimeters ranged from 30 to 90 mGy. Assuming an average quality factor of 2.34 to 2.5 on Mir (Badhwar et al, 2002;Cucinotta et al, 2000), measured values correspond to equivalent doses ranging from 70 to 200 mSv.…”

Section: Astronautsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Durante

Andō²,

Furusawa³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, heavy shielding does not necessarily provide better protection against the higher levels of galactic cosmic radiation in deep space, because of the secondary radiation that it might produce [24,25]. Furthermore, increasing the overall mass load of the spacecraft leads to an increase in overall costs of the mission.…”

Section: Radiation Shielding For Space Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Areas of Shielding Research—a Bird’s Eye View

Dranga

Adams

2019

CNL Nuclear Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRadiation shielding technology has its origins in the 1890s with the discovery of X-rays and gamma rays, their early applications, and the associated hazards that came with them [1]. The main goal of this technology is to protect workers and the public from the detrimental effects of high levels of radiation by designing physical barriers that reduce the radiation dose.Throughout its 65-year history, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, now Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), has been a leader in developing shielding methodologies and performing calculations for reactor and nuclear facilities designs [2][3][4], accelerators [5,6], and other medical applications such as the 60 Co cancer therapy machine [7]. Recently, CNL has been growing its capability by developing advanced shielding analysis methods for emergency preparedness [8,9], waste management [10], and medical applications such as cyclotron shielding design. Similarly, other research centres in Canada (e.g., Canadian Space Agency, universities, Defence Research and Development Canada, etc.) have been carrying out research in shielding analysis and new materials development. Other applications in addition to those described above (e.g., manned deep space exploration and development of lightweight and efficient materials for radiation protection) are gaining importance due to technological advances as well as increased need by private industries and the research community.This paper provides a high-level summary of emerging research areas for shielding analysis and their current status and evaluates these areas in terms of rewards to the scientific community and industry, such as potential for marketable materials and devices, novel methodologies that would increase efficiency and cost savings, cross-disciplinary applications, and development of expertise and highly qualified personnel. Identification of Research AreasFor this assessment, shielding analysis was identified as a required component of research and development (R&D) activities in the following 6 areas:1. remote reactor monitoring, 2. source reconstruction and inverse shielding methods, For personal use only.

show abstract

“…Commonly used detectors are tissue equivalent proportional counters (TEPC's), silicon detectors, and CR-39 plastic track detectors (Benton et al, 2002). Good agreement has been found in comparisons that have been made (see for e.g., Shinn et al, 1998;Badhwar and Cucinotta, 2000;Cucinotta et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2003), especially when detector response functions are represented in the comparisons, however the number and nature of the comparisons is limited. The PDF's for the uncertainties in LET spectra, should ensure the resulting dose equivalent is consistent with transport code comparisons to past spaceflight measurements for GCR.…”

Section: Uncertainties In Physics: Environments and Transport Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Cucinotta

Kim

Ren³

2006

Radiation Measurements

125

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:We discuss calculations of probability distribution functions (PDF) representing uncertainties in projecting fatal cancer risk from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE). The PDF's are used in significance tests of the effectiveness of potential radiation shielding approaches. Uncertainties in risk coefficients determined from epidemiology data, dose and dose-rate reduction factors, quality factors, and physics models of radiation environments are considered in models of cancer risk PDF's. Competing mortality risks and functional correlations in radiation quality factor uncertainties are treated in the calculations. We show that the cancer risk uncertainty, defined as the ratio of the 95% confidence level (CL) to the point estimate is about 4-fold for lunar and Mars mission risk projections. For short-stay lunar missions (<180 d), SPE's present the most significant risk, however one that is mitigated effectively by shielding, especially for carbon composites structures with high hydrogen content. In contrast, for long duration lunar (>180 d) or Mars missions, GCR risks may exceed radiation risk limits, with 95% CL's exceeding 10% fatal risk for males and females on a Mars mission. For reducing GCR cancer risks, shielding materials are marginally effective because of the penetrating nature of GCR and secondary radiation produced in tissue by relativistic particles. At the present time, polyethylene or carbon composite shielding can not be shown to significantly reduce risk compared to aluminum shielding based on a significance test that accounts for radiobiology uncertainties in GCR risk projection.

show abstract

Analysis of MIR-18 results for physical and biological dosimetry: radiation shielding effectiveness in LEO

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Emerging Areas of Shielding Research—a Bird’s Eye View

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About