Analysis of milk-derived isolates of E. coli indicating drug resistance in central Ethiopia

Messele, Yohannes Equar; Abdi, Reta D.; Tegegne, Desiye Tesfaye; Bora, Shelema Kelbesa; Babura, Mosisa Dire; Emeru, Bezina Arega; Werid, Gebremeskel Mamu

doi:10.1007/s11250-018-1737-x

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…[37] also reported the prevalence of a higher number of tetracycline resistance genes (11/15) in E. coli associated with dairy farm. On the other hand, the prevalence of SHV and ereA genes was found comparatively low in this study as reported elsewhere [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

et al. 2019

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Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

et al. 2019

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“…Most of E. coli are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract (lower ileum and large intestine) of animals and humans [ 23 , 131 , 132 ], while others are pathogenic to humans [ 133 ]. E. coli are of zoonotic in nature and constitute a public health hazard [ 134 ]. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were associated with several life-threatening food-borne outbreaks worldwide [ 37 ].…”

Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organisms are also isolated from horses, dogs, and deer [ 3 ]. Milk and milk products [ 134 ], poorly cooked beef, tainted ground beef, and other bovine food products are identified as major sources of infection in outbreaks [ 139 , 140 ].…”

Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent mode of transmission for E. coli O157:H7 infection to humans is through consumption of contaminated food and water and may also spread directly from person to person and occasionally through occupational exposure [ 133 ]. E. coli are food-borne zoonosis transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin [ 134 ]. The most common means of transmission of E. coli O157:H7 to humans is through consumption of raw or undercooked meat of bovine origin [ 131 , 133 , 136 , 137 ].…”

Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens

Abebe

Gugsa

Ahmed

2020

Journal of Tropical Medicine

322

203

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Food-borne microorganisms are major pathogens affecting food safety and cause human illness worldwide as a result of consumption of foodstuff, mainly animal products contaminated with vegetative pathogens or their toxins. Most of these microbes have zoonotic importance resulting in significant impact on both public health and economic sectors. Bacteria are the causative agents of two-thirds of human food-borne diseases worldwide with high burden in developing countries. Hence, the objectives of this review paper are to highlight the background of food-borne bacterial pathogens and to review common major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Food animals are the major reservoirs of many food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens, and food products of animal origin are the main vehicles of transmission. Meat, dairy products, and eggs are the main ways by which people are exposed to zoonotic bacteria. S. aureus, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli are the major zoonotic bacterial pathogens which are the causative agents of food-borne illness and death in the world associated with consumption of contaminated animal products. Production of toxins and structural virulent factors are responsible for the pathogenesis of these bacteria. These major zoonotic bacteria cause human infections which are characterized mainly by gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and other agent-specific symptoms. Some bacteria may cause severe complications. Conventional (culturing), serological, and molecular techniques are important for detection of these common zoonotic bacteria and their toxins in food. Good hygiene, GMP, sanitation in operating procedures, and implementation of standardized HACCP and pasteurization procedures are effective methods for the control and prevention. Currently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria associated with consumption of contaminated animal products is a great concern for the public health, and there should be coordinated surveillance and monitoring system for food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia.

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“…In Ethiopia, most livestock infections could be treated based on empiric therapy using the clinician's experience (18); however, resistance has been reported to the majority of essential antimicrobial agents currently approved for use in human and veterinary clinical medicine (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Our eld experience suggests that the prescription and utilization of antibiotics in both veterinary clinics and farms are often suboptimal in Ethiopia (18,25,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of different brands of penicillin-streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus: the clinicians’ myths and the realities

Tufa

Guta

Tufa³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Antibiotics must be safe, effective and have acceptable quality to use in both human and veterinary medicine. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim of evaluating in vitro efficacy of three brands of penicillin-streptomycin (penstrep) against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cow milk in Sebeta and Bishoftu, Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire was also used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of veterinarians about brand antibiotics prescribing in dairy farms in the study area. Results A total of 43 S. aureus were isolated from 23 dairy farms. Thirty-three (81.4%) and 10 (23.3%) isolates were susceptible to brand A and intermediate susceptible to brand B, respectively, whereas only one isolate (2.3%) was intermediate susceptible to brand C. The isolates were also tested against the standard discs of penicillin and streptomycin, and the results showed that 42 (97.7%) and 27 (62.8%) of S. aureus were resistant, respectively. The KAP assessment showed penstrep was the most prescribed antibiotic in the dairy farms in the study area, followed by oxytetracycline and sulfa drugs. All veterinarians (100%, 30) agreed that antibiotics imported from Western countries perceived as having higher efficacy than those imported from eastern countries. Similarly, they preferred to use brand A, claiming better clinical improvements compared to the other two brands. The majority (86.7%) and more than half (53.3%) of the respondents agreed on the perception of overuse of antibiotics in veterinary clinics and dairy farms, respectively. Conclusions Penstrep Brand A has had better in vitro efficacy, while brands B and C have not been effective against S. aureus isolates. Moreover, this study revealed that a fixed combination dosage form of penicillin and streptomycin in brand A showed better efficacy towards S. aureus isolates compared to penicillin or streptomycin alone. The perception of the veterinarian about these brands agrees with the in-vitro antibacterial efficacy evaluation. The findings suggest that ineffective brands of penstrep are circulating in the local market, which constitute a potential danger to both human and animal health. Our findings warrant the need for stringent regulation and quality assessment criteria for imported veterinary antimicrobials.

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Analysis of milk-derived isolates of E. coli indicating drug resistance in central Ethiopia

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens

Efficacy of different brands of penicillin-streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus: the clinicians’ myths and the realities

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