Analysis of microquantities of choline and its esters utilizing gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Hanin, Israel; Skinner, Ronald F.

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(75)90624-7

Cited by 60 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For analysis of ACh and Ch levels, rats were killed by microwave irradiation (4.2 s, 2.5 kW, 2.45 MHz) focused to the skull, and tissue ACh and Ch content measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Hanin and Skinner, 1975). To measure norepinephrine (NE) levels, rats were killed by decapitation and tissue rapidly frozen (-70°C).…”

Section: Acetylcholine Choline and Norepinephrine Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Presynaptic Cholinergic Neurotoxicity Following Intrahippocampal AF64A Injection in Rats

Mantione

Zigmond

Fisher

et al. 1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

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126

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Compound AF64A, ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (0.4-8 nmol) was stereotaxically administered into rat dorsal hippocampus, and neurochemical changes were determined 5 days later. AF64A treatment, over an almost 10-fold dose range, resulted in a significant (up to 70%) decline in choline acetyltransferase activity. In the same tissue samples, Na+-dependent choline transport activity was also lowered, with most decreases ranging between 10 and 50% of controls; however, there was no significant correlation (r = 0.39) between these two parameters. Acetylcholinesterase activity was not affected by AF64A treatment when assayed by either histochemical or enzymatic methods. AF64A reduced acetylcholine levels by 43%, but did not alter norepinephrine content or serotonin uptake. These results demonstrate that AF64A can induce a specific, long-term reduction of cholinergic presynaptic biochemical markers in rat hippocampus. Thus, AF64A can serve as a useful new tool to study the cholinergic system and as an important agent to help develop animal models representing disorders of central cholinergic hypofunction.

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Section: Acetylcholine Choline and Norepinephrine Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Presynaptic Cholinergic Neurotoxicity Following Intrahippocampal AF64A Injection in Rats

Mantione

Zigmond

Fisher

et al. 1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

Self Cite

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Samples were then centrifuged for 30 min at 4 "C at 2500 rpm, the supernatants were discarded and precipitates were then freeze-dried overnight. The precipitates were next resuspended in acetonitrile/silver tosylate solution according to the procedure of Hanin and Skinner (1975). After centrifugation the supernatants were then transferred and evaporated to dryness under nitrogen gas, esterified with propionyl chloride (Reagent Grade, Fisher Scientific Co., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) in chloroform solution, and the solution was evaporated to dryness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholine and choline in common spices

Haranath

Akther

Sharif

1987

Phytotherapy Research

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Aqueous extracts obtained from seven commonly used spices (cardamon, coriander, cumin, black pepper, red pepper, anise and fennel) showed cholinomimetic effects when tested on rat blood pressure, rat jejunum and frog rectus abdominis preparations. This effect was observed mostly when the spices were roasted. Chemical estimation using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of large amounts of acetylcholine and its precursor choline.

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“…After centrifugation, 1.95‐ml aliquots of the resulting supernatant were treated with 135 μl of 7.5 M potassium acetate and immediately frozen on Dry Ice. ACh and Ch determinations were made by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy according to the method of Hanin and Skinner (1975) after samples had been thawed and processed for analysis by that method, as described earlier by Jenden and Hanin (1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Postnatal Trimethyltin or Triethyltin Treatment on CNS Catecholamine, GABA, and Acetylcholine Systems in the Rat

Mailman

Krigman

Frye

et al. 1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The effects on brain neurochemistry of two neurotoxic tin compounds, trimethyltin (TMT) hydroxide and triethyltin (TET) sulfate, were examined. Long-Evans rats were treated with TMT hydroxide (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on alternate days from day 2 to 29 of life. These treatments caused a weight deficit of 10-20% by the time the animals were killed on day 55 by head-focused microwave irradiation. These TMT treatments are known to cause severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus and lesser damage in other brain regions. Accordingly, the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was decreased in the hippocampus; however, acetylcholine and choline concentrations were unaffected. These data suggest that TMT-induced effects on GABA systems are greater than that due simply to generalized neuronal loss. The TMT treatments also caused a significant decrease in dopamine concentrations in the striatum, but did not alter the concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or homovanillic acid, the acidic metabolites of dopamine. Conversely, concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain stem and norepinephrine in the cerebellum were not altered. Despite reports in the literature of TMT-induced neuronal damage in areas of the cortex, no effects on GABA, acetylcholine, or choline levels were found in the cortical areas examined, or in the hypothalamus. TET sulfate (0.3 mg/kg/day) was administered for 6 consecutive days of every week during days 2-29 of life. This dose is lower than that needed to cause intramyelin edema, yet it does result in long-term behavioral changes. Despite this, no changes in the concentration of any of the measured neurotransmitters or their metabolites were detected. In concert, these data demonstrate that neurochemical methods should not be used as neurological "screens," but rather to define specific mechanisms suggested by detailed behavior, pharmacological, and/or physiological studies.

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Analysis of microquantities of choline and its esters utilizing gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Selective Presynaptic Cholinergic Neurotoxicity Following Intrahippocampal AF64A Injection in Rats

Selective Presynaptic Cholinergic Neurotoxicity Following Intrahippocampal AF64A Injection in Rats

Acetylcholine and choline in common spices

Effects of Postnatal Trimethyltin or Triethyltin Treatment on CNS Catecholamine, GABA, and Acetylcholine Systems in the Rat

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