Analysis of metal(loid)s contamination and their continuous input in soils around a zinc smelter: Development of methodology and a case study in South Korea

Yun, Sung Wook; Baveye, Philippe C.; Kim, Dong‐Hyeon; Kang, Di; Lee, Siyoung; Maria, Kong; Park, Chan-Gi; Kim, Hae‐Do; Jeong-woo, Son; Yu, Chengtao

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.020

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The coefficient of variation (CV) of Pb and Cd in soil was higher than 200%, and the CVs of As, Cu, and Zn in the soil also exceeded 50%, indicating that these metal(loid)s differed greatly among different soil samples and mainly caused by anthropogenic activities [ 34 ]. This result is similar to many previous reports [ 17 , 35 , 36 ]. The study area of the present study is 36 km 2 , and just part of these soil samples was dramatically influenced by the Pb/Zn smelter, which may be the main reason for the high CV value.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China

Liu

Ren

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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To understand the influence of Pb/Zn smelter on surrounding environment, 110 soil and 62 wheat grain samples (62 paired samples) were collected nearby a Pb/Zn smelter in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, China. The content and spatial distribution of metal(loid)s in the soil-wheat system, and the potential health risk via consumption of wheat grains were determined. Results showed that the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in soil were 129.16, 4.28, 17.95, 20.43, 79.36, and 9.42 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Cd in almost all soil samples (99.1%) exceeded the national limitation of China (0.6 mg/kg). Spatial distribution analysis indicated that atmospheric deposition might be the main pollution source of Pb, Cd, As, and Zn in soil. In addition, the average content of Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni in wheat grain were 0.62, 0.35, 0.10, 3.7, 35.77, and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively, with the average Pb and Cd content exceeding the national limitation of China. The average bioaccumulation factor of these metal(loid)s followed the following order: Zn (0.507) > Cu (0.239) > Cd (0.134) > Ni (0.024) > Pb (0.007) > As (0.006). Health risk assessment indicated that the average noncarcinogenic risk of children (6.78) was much higher than that of adults (2.83), and the carcinogenic risk of almost all wheat grain is higher than the acceptable range, with an average value of 2.43 × 10−2. These results indicated that humans who regularly consume these wheat grains might have a serious risk of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic diseases.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China

Liu

Ren

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Atmospheric emissions are an important source of soil Pb [ 27 ]. Generally speaking, the concentration of lead in the atmosphere near the mining area is relatively high, and atmospheric deposition as the main source has adverse effects on soil [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Statistical data on Pb emissions shows that atmospheric emissions showed a cliff-jumping decline in 2000 but increased gradually from 2001 to 2016.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Polluted by Lead around Various Metal Mines in China

Shi

Luo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The contamination of soil by lead (Pb) is a serious and widespread problem in China, especially in mining areas. This paper summarized the available data regarding Pb-contaminated soils around various metal mines in China. Based on these data, the Pb concentration in the soil and its temporal and spatial changes were analyzed. Potential ecological hazards and adult lead models were also used to estimate ecological and health risks. The results indicated that the concentration of Pb was closely related with the type of mine. Compared with other types of mine, soil around lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) and tin (Sn) mines with high Pb contents in the metallic ores and high pollutant emission coefficient were more strongly polluted by Pb. The characteristic spatial and temporal variations of Pb pollution status in China were clarified, and the results showed that the concentration was high in the southern, southwestern, and central regions of China where many mining areas were located, and the mean value passed a turning point in 2012. Ecological risk assessments indicated that some areas around mines were at considerable to high risk, and the risk was relatively severe in Pb-Zn mining areas. According to the adult lead model, Pb-Zn mines had a greater impact on blood Pb concentration than the other types of mine.

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“…The similar vertical gradients in the concentration of several heavy metals (i.e., As, Co, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn) from topsoil to subsoil observed both inside and outside the site, together with the similar concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn found at both depths on the edge of the site (sample B3) and in the samples from outside the site (samples C, D, and E) could indicate either high natural background levels of these contaminants, either their possible spread from the contaminated waste or the presence of other pollution sources such as deposition of smelting residues originating from the nearby smelters (Yun et al, 2018), combustion of leaded gasoline or the use of leaded pesticides (Eichler et al, 2015; Peryea & Creger, 1994). For this reason, to ascertain if the presence of the buried waste may have led to the degradation of the soil outside the contaminated polluted site, the isotopic fingerprints of all the samples were investigated using both ICP‐MS analysis and a binary mixing model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A multitechnique approach for the identification of multiple contamination sources near a polluted industrial site

et al. 2022

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Degraded land requires rapid and suitable remedial actions, thus appropriate and fast methodological approaches for estimating the spatial distribution of contaminants are needed. In this context, a methodological approach combining isotopic measurements, heavy metals concentrations mapping, X‐ray diffraction, and cluster analysis, was applied to characterize a polluted industrial site where the contamination due to improper waste disposal could have spread also into the surrounding fields. This approach was applied to a set of representative topsoil (from 15 to 30 cm depth) and subsoil (from 130 to 150 cm depth) samples, selected either inside or outside the contaminated site. The X‐ray diffraction analysis highlighted that only the mineralogy of the subsoil below the buried waste was noticeably altered, while the concentration mapping highlighted that the levels of several heavy metals on the edge of the contaminated site, at both depths, were very similar to those found in the samples from the outside. Based on these findings, Pb was used as a tracer for heavy metal pollution by its stable isotopes' analysis. The cluster analysis of the isotopic measurements revealed that only the contamination detected inside the industrial site could be attributed to the pollutants migration from the buried waste. Conversely, the contaminants concentrations found in the topsoil samples taken outside the site could be ascribed to contamination sources other than the polluted waste present inside the site.

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Analysis of metal(loid)s contamination and their continuous input in soils around a zinc smelter: Development of methodology and a case study in South Korea

Cited by 37 publications

References 46 publications

Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China

Metal(loid)s Spatial Distribution, Accumulation, and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Soil-Wheat Systems near a Pb/Zn Smelter in Henan Province, Central China

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Polluted by Lead around Various Metal Mines in China

A multitechnique approach for the identification of multiple contamination sources near a polluted industrial site

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